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Commits
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In messages, use singular nouns for -1, like we do for +1.
- 5da9868ed983 14.0 landed
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BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
The Post Office <noreply@postgresql.org> — 2021-03-23T05:21:30Z
The following bug has been logged on the website: Bug reference: 16939 Logged by: Max Neverov Email address: neverov.max@gmail.com PostgreSQL version: 13.2 Operating system: alpine Description: Execute the query: postgres=# set intervalstyle='postgres'; SET postgres=# select interval '-1 year -1 day'; interval ------------------ -1 years -1 days (1 row) Expected output: -1 year -1 day The code (https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c#L4193) pluralizes a time unit if the value is not 1, should check both -1 and 1. -
Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-03-23T16:03:36Z
On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 05:21:30AM +0000, PG Bug reporting form wrote: > The following bug has been logged on the website: > > Bug reference: 16939 > Logged by: Max Neverov > Email address: neverov.max@gmail.com > PostgreSQL version: 13.2 > Operating system: alpine > Description: > > Execute the query: > postgres=# set intervalstyle='postgres'; > SET > postgres=# select interval '-1 year -1 day'; > interval > ------------------ > -1 years -1 days > (1 row) > > Expected output: > -1 year -1 day > > The code > (https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c#L4193) > pluralizes a time unit if the value is not 1, should check both -1 and 1. > Wow, interesting. Seems there were a few places in the code that handled this properly, and several that didn't. The attached patch fixes these and updates the regression tests. I will apply this for PG 14 in the next few days. This is too likely to break something to backpatch. Thanks for the report. -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-03-30T22:35:03Z
On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 12:03:36PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 05:21:30AM +0000, PG Bug reporting form wrote: > > The following bug has been logged on the website: > > > > Bug reference: 16939 > > Logged by: Max Neverov > > Email address: neverov.max@gmail.com > > PostgreSQL version: 13.2 > > Operating system: alpine > > Description: > > > > Execute the query: > > postgres=# set intervalstyle='postgres'; > > SET > > postgres=# select interval '-1 year -1 day'; > > interval > > ------------------ > > -1 years -1 days > > (1 row) > > > > Expected output: > > -1 year -1 day > > > > The code > > (https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c#L4193) > > pluralizes a time unit if the value is not 1, should check both -1 and 1. > > > > Wow, interesting. Seems there were a few places in the code that > handled this properly, and several that didn't. The attached patch > fixes these and updates the regression tests. I will apply this for PG > 14 in the next few days. This is too likely to break something to > backpatch. Thanks for the report. Patch applied and will appear in PG 14. Thanks for the report. -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> — 2021-04-25T11:57:26Z
On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 12:03:36PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 05:21:30AM +0000, PG Bug reporting form wrote: > > postgres=# set intervalstyle='postgres'; > > SET > > postgres=# select interval '-1 year -1 day'; > > interval > > ------------------ > > -1 years -1 days > > (1 row) > > > > Expected output: > > -1 year -1 day > > > > The code > > (https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c#L4193) > > pluralizes a time unit if the value is not 1, should check both -1 and 1. From the first several links at https://www.google.com/search?q=negative+one+singular+plural the choice is a matter of dispute among English grammar commentators. Singular "-1" is popular, and plural "-1" is also popular. > Wow, interesting. Seems there were a few places in the code that > handled this properly, and several that didn't. The attached patch > fixes these and updates the regression tests. I will apply this for PG > 14 in the next few days. This is too likely to break something to > backpatch. Thanks for the report. Let's not change from one popular spelling to another when doing so creates a compatibility hazard. That is to say, I think PostgreSQL would be better with this patch reverted. If we did want to standardize on singular for -1, EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL() would be a key bit of code to change.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-04-26T16:31:16Z
On Sun, Apr 25, 2021 at 04:57:26AM -0700, Noah Misch wrote: > On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 12:03:36PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > > On Tue, Mar 23, 2021 at 05:21:30AM +0000, PG Bug reporting form wrote: > > > postgres=# set intervalstyle='postgres'; > > > SET > > > postgres=# select interval '-1 year -1 day'; > > > interval > > > ------------------ > > > -1 years -1 days > > > (1 row) > > > > > > Expected output: > > > -1 year -1 day > > > > > > The code > > > (https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c#L4193) > > > pluralizes a time unit if the value is not 1, should check both -1 and 1. > > >From the first several links at > https://www.google.com/search?q=negative+one+singular+plural the choice is a > matter of dispute among English grammar commentators. Singular "-1" is > popular, and plural "-1" is also popular. > > > Wow, interesting. Seems there were a few places in the code that > > handled this properly, and several that didn't. The attached patch > > fixes these and updates the regression tests. I will apply this for PG > > 14 in the next few days. This is too likely to break something to > > backpatch. Thanks for the report. > > Let's not change from one popular spelling to another when doing so creates a > compatibility hazard. That is to say, I think PostgreSQL would be better with > this patch reverted. > > If we did want to standardize on singular for -1, EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL() > would be a key bit of code to change. Oh, good point. I think we should just pick one and be consistent --- I don't care which we choose. -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> — 2021-04-26T16:45:34Z
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> writes: > On Sun, Apr 25, 2021 at 04:57:26AM -0700, Noah Misch wrote: >> Let's not change from one popular spelling to another when doing so creates a >> compatibility hazard. That is to say, I think PostgreSQL would be better with >> this patch reverted. >> >> If we did want to standardize on singular for -1, EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL() >> would be a key bit of code to change. > Oh, good point. I think we should just pick one and be consistent --- I > don't care which we choose. I agree with Noah's opinion that we should stick to the historical behavior in the interval I/O functions. There is not enough solidity in the "this is grammatically wrong" argument to justify taking any risk of application breakage, and it seems like there is some risk of that there. For the sorts of human-readable messages that EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL tends to be used for, I don't think there's a reason to worry that we might break applications if we change it. So I don't have a strong opinion about what to do there. Still, by the same token that the grammatical argument is weak, I lean towards not spending effort on changing it. regards, tom lane
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-04-26T16:54:35Z
On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 12:45:34PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> writes: > > On Sun, Apr 25, 2021 at 04:57:26AM -0700, Noah Misch wrote: > >> Let's not change from one popular spelling to another when doing so creates a > >> compatibility hazard. That is to say, I think PostgreSQL would be better with > >> this patch reverted. > >> > >> If we did want to standardize on singular for -1, EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL() > >> would be a key bit of code to change. > > > Oh, good point. I think we should just pick one and be consistent --- I > > don't care which we choose. > > I agree with Noah's opinion that we should stick to the historical > behavior in the interval I/O functions. There is not enough solidity > in the "this is grammatically wrong" argument to justify taking any > risk of application breakage, and it seems like there is some risk of > that there. > > For the sorts of human-readable messages that EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL > tends to be used for, I don't think there's a reason to worry that > we might break applications if we change it. So I don't have a > strong opinion about what to do there. Still, by the same token > that the grammatical argument is weak, I lean towards not spending > effort on changing it. Are you saying we should revert the patch and leave the plurals inconsistent in different places? We were already expressing -1 as singular in most of the places I saw. -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> — 2021-04-26T17:02:44Z
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> writes: > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 12:45:34PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: >> I agree with Noah's opinion that we should stick to the historical >> behavior in the interval I/O functions. There is not enough solidity >> in the "this is grammatically wrong" argument to justify taking any >> risk of application breakage, and it seems like there is some risk of >> that there. > Are you saying we should revert the patch and leave the plurals > inconsistent in different places? As far as the changes in datetime.c and interval.c are concerned, yes. I don't care too much about what you did in fe-print.c, although TBH that case should be unreachable shouldn't it? When would PQntuples() return -1? (I shy gently away from the fact that that fe-print.c code is relentlessly untranslatable.) regards, tom lane
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-04-26T17:06:16Z
On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:02:44PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> writes: > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 12:45:34PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > >> I agree with Noah's opinion that we should stick to the historical > >> behavior in the interval I/O functions. There is not enough solidity > >> in the "this is grammatically wrong" argument to justify taking any > >> risk of application breakage, and it seems like there is some risk of > >> that there. > > > Are you saying we should revert the patch and leave the plurals > > inconsistent in different places? > > As far as the changes in datetime.c and interval.c are concerned, > yes. I don't care too much about what you did in fe-print.c, Well, we should then add a comment that this is inconsistent but should not be changed. > although TBH that case should be unreachable shouldn't it? > When would PQntuples() return -1? I changed that just for consistency with other calls, in case it is ever copied somewhere else. > (I shy gently away from the fact that that fe-print.c code is > relentlessly untranslatable.) Again, if we revert, we should document is via a C comment. -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> — 2021-04-27T06:13:29Z
On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:06:16PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:02:44PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > > Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> writes: > > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 12:45:34PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > > >> I agree with Noah's opinion that we should stick to the historical > > >> behavior in the interval I/O functions. There is not enough solidity > > >> in the "this is grammatically wrong" argument to justify taking any > > >> risk of application breakage, and it seems like there is some risk of > > >> that there. > > > > > Are you saying we should revert the patch and leave the plurals > > > inconsistent in different places? We were already expressing -1 as > > > singular in most of the places I saw. Which places did you find? I used the following to check for code like you were adding, but it probably missed things: $ git grep '"s"' 5da9868^ | grep abs 5da9868^:src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c: (abs(sec) != 1 || fsec != 0) ? "s" : ""); 5da9868^:src/interfaces/ecpg/pgtypeslib/interval.c: (abs(sec) != 1 || fsec != 0) ? "s" : ""); > > As far as the changes in datetime.c and interval.c are concerned, > > yes. I don't care too much about what you did in fe-print.c, > > Well, we should then add a comment that this is inconsistent but should > not be changed. No objection to having a comment.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-04-27T20:10:19Z
On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 11:13:29PM -0700, Noah Misch wrote: > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:06:16PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:02:44PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > > > Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> writes: > > > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 12:45:34PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > > > >> I agree with Noah's opinion that we should stick to the historical > > > >> behavior in the interval I/O functions. There is not enough solidity > > > >> in the "this is grammatically wrong" argument to justify taking any > > > >> risk of application breakage, and it seems like there is some risk of > > > >> that there. > > > > > > > Are you saying we should revert the patch and leave the plurals > > > > inconsistent in different places? We were already expressing -1 as > > > > singular in most of the places I saw. > > Which places did you find? I used the following to check for code like you > were adding, but it probably missed things: > > $ git grep '"s"' 5da9868^ | grep abs > 5da9868^:src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c: (abs(sec) != 1 || fsec != 0) ? "s" : ""); > 5da9868^:src/interfaces/ecpg/pgtypeslib/interval.c: (abs(sec) != 1 || fsec != 0) ? "s" : ""); Yes, I found the same like you did. Are you saying we should remove the abs() calls here so we are consistent? -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> — 2021-04-27T22:50:53Z
On 2021-Apr-26, Tom Lane wrote: > (I shy gently away from the fact that that fe-print.c code is > relentlessly untranslatable.) It's also unused. Maybe we should consider removing instead ... -- Álvaro Herrera Valdivia, Chile "I can see support will not be a problem. 10 out of 10." (Simon Wittber) (http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-general/2004-12/msg00159.php) -
Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Gavin Flower <gavinflower@archidevsys.co.nz> — 2021-04-27T23:15:57Z
On 28/04/21 10:50 am, Alvaro Herrera wrote: > On 2021-Apr-26, Tom Lane wrote: > >> (I shy gently away from the fact that that fe-print.c code is >> relentlessly untranslatable.) > It's also unused. Maybe we should consider removing instead ... > fe-print.c is in the source tree for LibreOffice 7.2, when I downloaded git master: ... git-libreoffice/workdir/UnpackedTarball/postgresql/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-print.c'
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> — 2021-04-27T23:44:38Z
On 2021-Apr-28, Gavin Flower wrote: > On 28/04/21 10:50 am, Alvaro Herrera wrote: > > On 2021-Apr-26, Tom Lane wrote: > > > > > (I shy gently away from the fact that that fe-print.c code is > > > relentlessly untranslatable.) > > It's also unused. Maybe we should consider removing instead ... > > > fe-print.c is in the source tree for LibreOffice 7.2, when I downloaded git master: > ... git-libreoffice/workdir/UnpackedTarball/postgresql/src/interfaces/libpq/fe-print.c' I bet that's because they import the whole src/interfaces/libpq, but don't actually use the functions provided by that file. ... updates local clone ... Nope -- grepping for PQprint or PQdisplayTup doesn't yield anything in the libreoffice git repo. -- Álvaro Herrera 39°49'30"S 73°17'W "Once again, thank you and all of the developers for your hard work on PostgreSQL. This is by far the most pleasant management experience of any database I've worked on." (Dan Harris) http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-performance/2006-04/msg00247.php
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> — 2021-04-28T00:09:05Z
Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> writes: > Nope -- grepping for PQprint or PQdisplayTup doesn't yield anything in > the libreoffice git repo. Hm. We actually document PQprint. While the other two entry points in that file aren't documented, they are listed in exports.txt, which means somebody *could* be calling them. I think we'd at least have to go through a long deprecation period before we could consider removing them. There are also questions of whether we can remove entry points without drawing the wrath of ABI checkers. I suppose we could dodge that by reducing them to code that returns an error. regards, tom lane
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> — 2021-04-28T03:43:10Z
I wrote: > Hm. We actually document PQprint. While the other two entry points > in that file aren't documented, they are listed in exports.txt, > which means somebody *could* be calling them. I think we'd at least > have to go through a long deprecation period before we could consider > removing them. Meanwhile, returning to the point at hand in this thread: AFAICS from a quick review of the git logs, the last intentional changes of user-visible behavior in fe-print.c were more than 20 years ago. Since then it's only seen in-passing bug fixes, such as libpq-wide fixes of signal handling. So, to the extent that this code has any use at all it's for legacy applications. I don't think we should be making random changes in its behavior for at-best-weak reasons. In short, I'm now a vote to revert every single bit of 5da9868ed. regards, tom lane
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> — 2021-04-28T05:44:15Z
On Tue, Apr 27, 2021 at 04:10:19PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 11:13:29PM -0700, Noah Misch wrote: > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:06:16PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:02:44PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > > > > Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> writes: > > > > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 12:45:34PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote: > > > > >> I agree with Noah's opinion that we should stick to the historical > > > > >> behavior in the interval I/O functions. There is not enough solidity > > > > >> in the "this is grammatically wrong" argument to justify taking any > > > > >> risk of application breakage, and it seems like there is some risk of > > > > >> that there. > > > > > > > > > Are you saying we should revert the patch and leave the plurals > > > > > inconsistent in different places? We were already expressing -1 as > > > > > singular in most of the places I saw. > > > > Which places did you find? I used the following to check for code like you > > were adding, but it probably missed things: > > > > $ git grep '"s"' 5da9868^ | grep abs > > 5da9868^:src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c: (abs(sec) != 1 || fsec != 0) ? "s" : ""); > > 5da9868^:src/interfaces/ecpg/pgtypeslib/interval.c: (abs(sec) != 1 || fsec != 0) ? "s" : ""); > > Yes, I found the same like you did. Are you saying we should remove the > abs() calls here so we are consistent? No, I advise just reverting 5da9868. The output funcs should keep doing what they did in v13, inconsistency and all. I was asking the above question to see which of singular or plural was more common before $SUBJECT's commit. I count two examples of singular and seven examples of plural (one in EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL(), six modified in commit 5da9868). Given that, ... On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:06:16PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > Well, we should then add a comment that this is inconsistent but should > not be changed. ... adding comments to the two places that use abs() to achieve singular "-1" sounds fine.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-04-30T01:00:04Z
On Tue, Apr 27, 2021 at 10:44:15PM -0700, Noah Misch wrote: > On Tue, Apr 27, 2021 at 04:10:19PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > > Yes, I found the same like you did. Are you saying we should remove the > > abs() calls here so we are consistent? > > No, I advise just reverting 5da9868. The output funcs should keep doing what > they did in v13, inconsistency and all. > > I was asking the above question to see which of singular or plural was more > common before $SUBJECT's commit. I count two examples of singular and seven > examples of plural (one in EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL(), six modified in commit > 5da9868). Given that, ... > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:06:16PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > > Well, we should then add a comment that this is inconsistent but should > > not be changed. > > ... adding comments to the two places that use abs() to achieve singular "-1" > sounds fine. OK, first, I never realized that saying -1 plural was valid. Second, the two places you showed are actually using abs() properly since negative values are shown with an "ago" suffix, not a negative sign: SET intervalstyle = postgres_verbose; SELECT '2020-01-01 01:03:00'::timestamptz - '2020-01-01 02:02:01'::timestamptz; ?column? --------------------- @ 59 mins 1 sec ago (1 row) Attached is a patch which reverts 9ee7d533da and 5da9868ed9, and adds a comment about the "ago" usage. The good news is that we were already consistent in using plural -1. :-) -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> — 2021-04-30T03:15:01Z
On Thu, Apr 29, 2021 at 09:00:04PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > On Tue, Apr 27, 2021 at 10:44:15PM -0700, Noah Misch wrote: > > On Tue, Apr 27, 2021 at 04:10:19PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > > > Yes, I found the same like you did. Are you saying we should remove the > > > abs() calls here so we are consistent? > > > > No, I advise just reverting 5da9868. The output funcs should keep doing what > > they did in v13, inconsistency and all. > > > > I was asking the above question to see which of singular or plural was more > > common before $SUBJECT's commit. I count two examples of singular and seven > > examples of plural (one in EVALUATE_MESSAGE_PLURAL(), six modified in commit > > 5da9868). Given that, ... > > > > On Mon, Apr 26, 2021 at 01:06:16PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > > > Well, we should then add a comment that this is inconsistent but should > > > not be changed. > > > > ... adding comments to the two places that use abs() to achieve singular "-1" > > sounds fine. > > OK, first, I never realized that saying -1 plural was valid. Second, > the two places you showed are actually using abs() properly since > negative values are shown with an "ago" suffix, not a negative sign: > > SET intervalstyle = postgres_verbose; > > SELECT '2020-01-01 01:03:00'::timestamptz - '2020-01-01 02:02:01'::timestamptz; > ?column? > --------------------- > @ 59 mins 1 sec ago > (1 row) Nice. The legendary consistency of PostgreSQL remains intact. > Attached is a patch which reverts 9ee7d533da and 5da9868ed9, and adds a > comment about the "ago" usage. Looks good.
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Re: BUG #16939: Plural interval for negative singular
Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> — 2021-05-01T14:55:41Z
On Thu, Apr 29, 2021 at 09:00:04PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote: > OK, first, I never realized that saying -1 plural was valid. Second, > the two places you showed are actually using abs() properly since > negative values are shown with an "ago" suffix, not a negative sign: > > SET intervalstyle = postgres_verbose; > > SELECT '2020-01-01 01:03:00'::timestamptz - '2020-01-01 02:02:01'::timestamptz; > ?column? > --------------------- > @ 59 mins 1 sec ago > (1 row) > > Attached is a patch which reverts 9ee7d533da and 5da9868ed9, and adds a > comment about the "ago" usage. The good news is that we were already > consistent in using plural -1. :-) Here is a clearer example: SET intervalstyle = postgres_verbose; SELECT '2020-01-01 00:00:01'::timestamptz - '2020-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamptz; ?column? ---------- @ 1 sec SELECT '2020-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamptz - '2020-01-01 00:00:01'::timestamptz; ?column? ------------- @ 1 sec ago Patch applied. Thanks for the research. -- Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us> https://momjian.us EDB https://enterprisedb.com If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.