pgsql: Support FETCH FIRST WITH TIES

Support FETCH FIRST WITH TIES

WITH TIES is an option to the FETCH FIRST N ROWS clause (the SQL
standard's spelling of LIMIT), where you additionally get rows that
compare equal to the last of those N rows by the columns in the
mandatory ORDER BY clause.

There was a proposal by Andrew Gierth to implement this functionality in
a more powerful way that would yield more features, but the other patch
had not been finished at this time, so we decided to use this one for
now in the spirit of incremental development.

Author: Surafel Temesgen <surafel3000@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@2ndquadrant.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALAY4q9ky7rD_A4vf=FVQvCGngm3LOes-ky0J6euMrg=_Se+ag@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87o8wvz253.fsf@news-spur.riddles.org.uk

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/357889eb17bb9c9336c4f324ceb1651da616fe57

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml            |  15 +--
src/backend/catalog/sql_features.txt    |   2 +-
src/backend/executor/nodeLimit.c        | 160 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c           |   7 ++
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c          |   2 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c            |   7 ++
src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c           |   6 ++
src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c |  45 ++++++++-
src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c    |   1 +
src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c   |   2 +
src/backend/parser/analyze.c            |  21 ++--
src/backend/parser/gram.y               | 117 +++++++++++++++++-----
src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c       |  15 ++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c       |  27 ++++--
src/include/catalog/catversion.h        |   2 +-
src/include/nodes/execnodes.h           |   5 +
src/include/nodes/nodes.h               |  13 +++
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h          |   2 +
src/include/nodes/pathnodes.h           |   1 +
src/include/nodes/plannodes.h           |   5 +
src/include/optimizer/pathnode.h        |   1 +
src/include/optimizer/planmain.h        |   5 +-
src/include/parser/parse_clause.h       |   3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/limit.out     | 167 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/limit.sql          |  48 +++++++++
25 files changed, 610 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)