Another swing at JSON

Attached is a patch that adds a 'json' contrib module.  Although we
may want a built-in JSON data type in the near future, making it a
module (for the time being) has a couple advantages:

 * Installable on current and previous versions of PostgreSQL.  The
json module supports PostgreSQL 8.4.0 and up.
 * Easier to maintain.  json.sql.in is easy to work on,
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h is not.

Currently, there are no functions for converting to/from PostgreSQL
values or getting/setting sub-values (e.g. JSONPath).  However, I did
adapt the json_stringify function written by Itagaki Takahiro in his
patch ( http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-hackers/2010-09/msg01200.php
).

JSON datums are stored internally as condensed JSON text.  By
"condensed", I mean that whitespace is removed, and escapes are
converted to characters when it's possible and efficient to do so.
Although a binary internal format would be more size-efficient in
theory, condensed JSON text is pretty efficient, too.  Internally, the
implementation does not construct any parse trees, which should
provide a major performance advantage.

Almost all of the code has been rewritten since my original patch (
http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-hackers/2010-07/msg01215.php ).
Some will be happy to know that the new code doesn't have any gotos
:-)


Joey Adams