Horton

generic plans and "initial" pruning

Amit Langote <amitlangote09@gmail.com>

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From: Amit Langote <amitlangote09@gmail.com>
To: PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
Date: 2021-12-25T03:36:00Z
Lists: pgsql-hackers

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Executing generic plans involving partitions is known to become slower
as partition count grows due to a number of bottlenecks, with
AcquireExecutorLocks() showing at the top in profiles.

Previous attempt at solving that problem was by David Rowley [1],
where he proposed delaying locking of *all* partitions appearing under
an Append/MergeAppend until "initial" pruning is done during the
executor initialization phase.  A problem with that approach that he
has described in [2] is that leaving partitions unlocked can lead to
race conditions where the Plan node belonging to a partition can be
invalidated when a concurrent session successfully alters the
partition between AcquireExecutorLocks() saying the plan is okay to
execute and then actually executing it.

However, using an idea that Robert suggested to me off-list a little
while back, it seems possible to determine the set of partitions that
we can safely skip locking.  The idea is to look at the "initial" or
"pre-execution" pruning instructions contained in a given Append or
MergeAppend node when AcquireExecutorLocks() is collecting the
relations to lock and consider relations from only those sub-nodes
that survive performing those instructions.   I've attempted
implementing that idea in the attached patch.

Note that "initial" pruning steps are now performed twice when
executing generic plans: once in AcquireExecutorLocks() to find
partitions to be locked, and a 2nd time in ExecInit[Merge]Append() to
determine the set of partition sub-nodes to be initialized for
execution, though I wasn't able to come up with a good idea to avoid
this duplication.

Using the following benchmark setup:

pgbench testdb -i --partitions=$nparts > /dev/null 2>&1
pgbench -n testdb -S -T 30 -Mprepared

And plan_cache_mode = force_generic_plan,

I get following numbers:

HEAD:

32      tps = 20561.776403 (without initial connection time)
64      tps = 12553.131423 (without initial connection time)
128     tps = 13330.365696 (without initial connection time)
256     tps = 8605.723120 (without initial connection time)
512     tps = 4435.951139 (without initial connection time)
1024    tps = 2346.902973 (without initial connection time)
2048    tps = 1334.680971 (without initial connection time)

Patched:

32      tps = 27554.156077 (without initial connection time)
64      tps = 27531.161310 (without initial connection time)
128     tps = 27138.305677 (without initial connection time)
256     tps = 25825.467724 (without initial connection time)
512     tps = 19864.386305 (without initial connection time)
1024    tps = 18742.668944 (without initial connection time)
2048    tps = 16312.412704 (without initial connection time)

-- 
Amit Langote
EDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com

[1] https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAKJS1f_kfRQ3ZpjQyHC7=PK9vrhxiHBQFZ+hc0JCwwnRKkF3hg@mail.gmail.com

[2] https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAKJS1f99JNe%2Bsw5E3qWmS%2BHeLMFaAhehKO67J1Ym3pXv0XBsxw%40mail.gmail.com

Commits

  1. Stamp 19beta1.

  2. Revert "Don't lock partitions pruned by initial pruning"

  3. Ensure first ModifyTable rel initialized if all are pruned

  4. Fix bug in cbc127917 to handle nested Append correctly

  5. Remove unstable test suite added by 525392d57

  6. Don't lock partitions pruned by initial pruning

  7. Fix an oversight in cbc127917 to handle MERGE correctly

  8. Track unpruned relids to avoid processing pruned relations

  9. Perform runtime initial pruning outside ExecInitNode()

  10. Move PartitionPruneInfo out of plan nodes into PlannedStmt

  11. Fix setrefs.c's failure to do expression processing on prune steps.

  12. Remove obsolete executor cleanup code

  13. Revert "Move PartitionPruneInfo out of plan nodes into PlannedStmt"

  14. Move PartitioPruneInfo out of plan nodes into PlannedStmt

  15. Refactor and cleanup runtime partition prune code a little

  16. Remove some unnecessary fields from Plan trees.

  17. Remove more redundant relation locking during executor startup.

  18. Shut down Gather's children before shutting down Gather itself.