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Re: Column Filtering in Logical Replication

Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>

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From: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
To: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@enterprisedb.com>
Cc: Rahila Syed <rahilasyed90@gmail.com>, PostgreSQL-development <pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org>
Date: 2021-12-18T01:34:16Z
Lists: pgsql-hackers 
On 2021-Dec-17, Tomas Vondra wrote:

> On 12/17/21 22:07, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > So I've been thinking about this as a "security" item (you can see my
> > comments to that effect sprinkled all over this thread), in the sense
> > that if a publication "hides" some column, then the replica just won't
> > get access to it.  But in reality that's mistaken: the filtering that
> > this patch implements is done based on the queries that *the replica*
> > executes at its own volition; if the replica decides to ignore the list
> > of columns, it'll be able to get all columns.  All it takes is an
> > uncooperative replica in order for the lot of data to be exposed anyway.
> 
> Interesting, I haven't really looked at this as a security feature. And in
> my experience if something is not carefully designed to be secure from the
> get go, it's really hard to add that bit later ...

I guess the way to really harden replication is to use the GRANT system
at the publisher's side to restrict access for the replication user.
This would provide actual security.  So you're right that I seem to be
barking at the wrong tree ...  maybe I need to give a careful look at
the documentation for logical replication to understand what is being
offered, and to make sure that we explicitly indicate that limiting the
column list does not provide any actual security.

> You say it's the replica making the decisions, but my mental model is it's
> the publisher decoding the data for a given list of publications (which
> indeed is specified by the subscriber). But the subscriber can't tweak the
> definition of publications, right? Or what do you mean by queries executed
> by the replica? What are the gap?

I am thinking in somebody modifying the code that the replica runs, so
that it ignores the column list that the publication has been configured
to provide; instead of querying only those columns, it would query all
columns.

> > If the server has a *separate* security mechanism to hide the columns
> > (per-column privs), it is that feature that will protect the data, not
> > the logical-replication-feature to filter out columns.
> 
> Right. Although I haven't thought about how logical decoding interacts with
> column privileges. I don't think logical decoding actually checks column
> privileges - I certainly don't recall any ACL checks in
> src/backend/replication ...

Well, in practice if you're confronted with a replica that's controlled
by a malicious user that can tweak its behavior, then replica-side
privilege checking won't do anything useful.

> > This led me to realize that the replica-side code in tablesync.c is
> > totally oblivious to what's the publication through which a table is
> > being received from in the replica.  So we're not aware of a replica
> > being exposed only a subset of columns through some specific
> > publication; and a lot more hacking is needed than this patch does, in
> > order to be aware of which publications are being used.

> Does that mean we currently sync all the columns in the initial sync, and
> only start filtering columns later while decoding transactions?

No, it does filter the list of columns in the initial sync.  But the
current implementation is bogus, because it obtains the list of *all*
publications in which the table is published, not just the ones that the
subscription is configured to get data from.  And the sync code doesn't
receive the list of publications.  We need more thorough patching of the
sync code to close that hole.

-- 
Álvaro Herrera              Valdivia, Chile  —  https://www.EnterpriseDB.com/

Commits

Same data as JSON: GET /api/v1/messages/:b64id/commits the thread's linked commits as JSON, with link sources. API reference →

  1. Doc: Explain about Column List feature.

  2. Doc: fix column list vs. replica identity rules.

  3. Prohibit combining publications with different column lists.

  4. Fix the check to limit sync workers.

  5. Wait for subscription to sync in t/031_column_list.sql

  6. Move prattrs to the pg_publication_rel section in docs

  7. Allow specifying column lists for logical replication

  8. Fix row filters with multiple publications

  9. Fix publish_as_relid with multiple publications

  10. Add some additional tests for row filters in logical replication.

  11. Add index on pg_publication_rel.prpubid

  12. Avoid using DefElemAction in AlterPublicationStmt

  13. Small cleanups related to PUBLICATION framework code

  14. Add PublicationTable and PublicationRelInfo structs

  15. Fix various concurrency issues in logical replication worker launching