Re: BUG #16035: STATEMENT_TIMEOUT not working when we have single quote usage inside CTE which is used in inner sql

>> tl;dr: I do not think this is buggy in v10.  But arguably there's
>> a bug in later branches, and they need to go back to behaving
>> like v10.
> 
> I understand the original reporter's complain. Also I understand Tom's
> complain to v11's behavior. I will look into the v11 (and above) code.

I admit v11's current behavior is inconstant, but I am not sue going
to back V10's behavior is a good idea.

With attached patch (against master), SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT
immediately affects to subsequent commands in the multi statement. I
think this is not only more intuitive than v10's behavior but it meets
the original reporter's expectation.

SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = '10s';
SET
Time: 0.418 ms
-- SELECT timeout in 1 second.
SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = '1s'\;SELECT * FROM ( WITH test AS ( SELECT pg_sleep(5), 'Billy' as emp_name ) SELECT 1 FROM test ) AS sub;
ERROR:  canceling statement due to statement timeout
Time: 1001.107 ms (00:01.001)

Here are results of test cases attached (statement_timeout.sql).

\timing
Timing is on.
-- SELECT timeout in 1 second.
SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = '1s'\;SELECT * FROM ( WITH test AS ( SELECT pg_sleep(5), 'Billy' as emp_name ) SELECT 1 FROM test ) AS sub;
psql:/home/t-ishii/tmp/statement_timeout.sql:3: ERROR:  canceling statement due to statement timeout
Time: 1001.138 ms (00:01.001)
SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = '10s';
SET
Time: 0.434 ms
-- SELECT timeout in 1 second.
SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = '1s'\;SELECT * FROM ( WITH test AS ( SELECT pg_sleep(5), 'Billy' as emp_name ) SELECT 1 FROM test ) AS sub;
psql:/home/t-ishii/tmp/statement_timeout.sql:7: ERROR:  canceling statement due to statement timeout
Time: 1000.978 ms (00:01.001)
-- This time SELECT succeeds and STATEMENT_TIMEOUT is set to 8 secinds.
SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT = '8s'\;SELECT * FROM ( WITH test AS ( SELECT pg_sleep(5), 'Billy' as emp_name ) SELECT 1 FROM test ) AS sub;
 ?column? 
----------
        1
(1 row)

Time: 5004.886 ms (00:05.005)
SHOW STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 statement_timeout 
-------------------
 8s
(1 row)

Time: 0.433 ms
-- Following SELECT succeeds because now statement_timeout value is 8 seconds..
SELECT * FROM ( WITH test AS ( SELECT pg_sleep(5), 'Billy' as emp_name ) SELECT 1 FROM test ) AS sub;
 ?column? 
----------
        1
(1 row)

Time: 5006.196 ms (00:05.006)