Fix table rewrites that include a column without a default.

Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>

Commit: f224c7c11ea7be2751e3342e11317070ffb5622d
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Date: 2019-10-10T05:13:48Z
Releases: 12.1
Fix table rewrites that include a column without a default.

In c2fe139c201c I made ATRewriteTable() use tuple slots. Unfortunately
I did not notice that columns can be added in a rewrite that do not
have a default, when another column is added/altered requiring one.

Initialize columns to NULL again, and add tests.

Bug: #16038
Reported-By: anonymous
Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16038-5c974541f2bf6749@postgresql.org
Backpatch: 12, where the bug was introduced in c2fe139c201c

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