Measure the number of all-visible pages for use in index-only scan costing.

Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>

Commit: e6858e665731c0f56d3ecc9fbb245c32d24f8ef7
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Date: 2011-10-14T21:23:46Z
Releases: 9.2.0
Measure the number of all-visible pages for use in index-only scan costing.

Add a column pg_class.relallvisible to remember the number of pages that
were all-visible according to the visibility map as of the last VACUUM
(or ANALYZE, or some other operations that update pg_class.relpages).
Use relallvisible/relpages, instead of an arbitrary constant, to estimate
how many heap page fetches can be avoided during an index-only scan.

This is pretty primitive and will no doubt see refinements once we've
acquired more field experience with the index-only scan mechanism, but
it's way better than using a constant.

Note: I had to adjust an underspecified query in the window.sql regression
test, because it was changing answers when the plan changed to use an
index-only scan.  Some of the adjacent tests perhaps should be adjusted
as well, but I didn't do that here.

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