Have pg_itoa, pg_ltoa and pg_lltoa return the length of the string

Have pg_itoa, pg_ltoa and pg_lltoa return the length of the string

Core by no means makes excessive use of these functions, but quite a large
number of those usages do require the caller to call strlen() on the
returned string.  This is quite wasteful since these functions do already
have a good idea of the length of the string, so we might as well just
have them return that.

Reviewed-by: Andrew Gierth
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvrm2A5x2uHYxsqriO2cUaGcFvND%2BksC9e7Tjep0t2RK_A%40mail.gmail.com