Fix psql to not go into infinite recursion when expanding a variable that

Fix psql to not go into infinite recursion when expanding a variable that
refers to itself (directly or indirectly).  Instead, print a message when
recursion is detected, and don't expand the repeated reference.  Per bug
#5448 from Francis Markham.

Back-patch to 8.0.  Although the issue exists in 7.4 as well, it seems
impractical to fix there because of the lack of any state stack that
could be used to track active expansions.