Add comments and a missing CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS in ts_headline.

Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>

Commit: 74670688faaec94d9177ac182c5516c5f1a7bb9c
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Date: 2022-11-21T22:07:07Z
Releases: 13.10
Add comments and a missing CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS in ts_headline.

I just spent an annoying amount of time reverse-engineering the
100%-undocumented API between ts_headline and the text search
parser's prsheadline function.  Add some commentary about that
while it's fresh in mind.  Also remove some unused macros in
wparser_def.c.

While at it, I noticed that when commit 78e73e875 added a
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS call in TS_execute_recurse, it missed
doing so in the parallel function TS_phrase_execute, which
surely needs one just as much.

Back-patch because of the missing CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS.
Might as well back-patch the rest of this too.

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