Consolidate and improve checking of key-column-attnum arguments for

Consolidate and improve checking of key-column-attnum arguments for
dblink_build_sql_insert() and related functions.  In particular, be sure to
reject references to dropped and out-of-range column numbers.  The numbers
are still interpreted as physical column numbers, though, for backward
compatibility.

This patch replaces Joe's patch of 2010-02-03, which handled only some aspects
of the problem.