doc: rewrite random_page_cost description

Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us>

Commit: 3896e861b348f282813f165f60fb8ab3342114c6
Author: Bruce Momjian <bruce@momjian.us>
Date: 2025-10-30T23:11:53Z
doc:  rewrite random_page_cost description

This removes some of the specifics of how the default was set, and adds
a mention of latency as a reason the value is lower than the storage
hardware might suggest.  It still mentions caching.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKAnmmK_nSPYr53LobUwQD59a-8U9GEC3XGJ43oaTYJq5nAOkw@mail.gmail.com

Backpatch-through: 13

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