Use ExtendBufferedRelTo() in XLogReadBufferExtended()

Use ExtendBufferedRelTo() in XLogReadBufferExtended()

Instead of extending the relation block-by-block, use ExtendBufferedRelTo(),
introduced in 31966b151e6. This is faster and simpler.

This also somewhat reduces the danger that disconnected segments pose (which
can be "discovered" once the previous segment reaches SEGSIZE), as
ExtendBufferedRelTo() won't extend past the block it has been asked. However,
the risk of the content of such a disconnected segment being invalid
remains.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20221029025420.eplyow6k7tgu6he3@awork3.anarazel.de
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20230223010147.32oir7sb66slqnjk@awork3.anarazel.de