Move code for managing PartitionDescs into a new file, partdesc.c

Move code for managing PartitionDescs into a new file, partdesc.c

This is similar in spirit to the existing partbounds.c file in the
same directory, except that there's a lot less code in the new file
created by this commit.  Pending work in this area proposes to add a
bunch more code related to PartitionDescs, though, and this will give
us a good place to put it.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoZUwPf_uanjF==gTGBMJrn8uCq52XYvAEorNkLrUdoawg@mail.gmail.com