v5-0001-Fix-DROP-SUBSCRIPTION-deadlock-with-new-database-v16.patch

From b861a916ee6df47daa143f5f2aa82cb52414526c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dilip Kumar <dilipkumarb@google.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2025 07:06:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v5] Fix DROP SUBSCRIPTION deadlock with new database creation

DROP SUBSCRIPTION previously acquired an AccessExclusiveLock on the
pg_subscription catalog to prevent the replication launcher from starting
a new worker. However, this caused a deadlock. New database creation also
need to acquire an AccessShareLock on this same catalog during their
initialization phase. This created a lock conflict where DROP SUBSCRIPTION
would block this, while simultaneously waiting for a connection to
complete for dropping the replication slot.

This commit resolves the deadlock by having DROP SUBSCRIPTION acquire a less
restrictive RowExclusiveLock on the catalog instead.

To address the original concern of orphaned workers, a new check is
implemented.  The replication worker now takes a shared object lock on the
subscription itself.

If a worker starts for a subscription that no longer exists, it immediately detects
this condition and exits. This ensures that no orphan workers are created without
the need for an overly broad AccessExclusiveLock on the system catalog.
---
 src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c    |  8 +++++---
 src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c   |  7 +++++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/t/002_pg_upgrade.pl     |  2 ++
 src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out | 13 +++++++++++++
 src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql      | 13 +++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c b/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
index e1260fc0e90..aebfaecd9d8 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
@@ -1491,10 +1491,12 @@ DropSubscription(DropSubscriptionStmt *stmt, bool isTopLevel)
 	bool		must_use_password;
 
 	/*
-	 * Lock pg_subscription with AccessExclusiveLock to ensure that the
-	 * launcher doesn't restart new worker during dropping the subscription
+	 * The launcher may concurrently start a new worker for this subscription.
+	 * During initialization, the worker checks for subscription validity and
+	 * exits if the subscription has already been dropped. See
+	 * InitializeLogRepWorker.
 	 */
-	rel = table_open(SubscriptionRelationId, AccessExclusiveLock);
+	rel = table_open(SubscriptionRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
 
 	tup = SearchSysCache2(SUBSCRIPTIONNAME, MyDatabaseId,
 						  CStringGetDatum(stmt->subname));
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
index 4df0a594dc9..9b5c641941f 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
@@ -4492,6 +4492,13 @@ InitializeApplyWorker(void)
 	StartTransactionCommand();
 	oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
 
+	/*
+	 * Lock the subscription to prevent it from being concurrently dropped,
+	 * then re-verify its existence. After the initialization, the worker will
+	 * be terminated gracefully if the subscription is dropped.
+	 */
+	LockSharedObject(SubscriptionRelationId, MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, 0,
+					 AccessShareLock);
 	MySubscription = GetSubscription(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, true);
 	if (!MySubscription)
 	{
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/t/002_pg_upgrade.pl b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/t/002_pg_upgrade.pl
index 056538af53c..bf98f7f00b4 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/t/002_pg_upgrade.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/t/002_pg_upgrade.pl
@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ if ($original_provider eq "i")
 
 $node_params{extra} = \@initdb_params;
 $oldnode->init(%node_params);
+$oldnode->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'wal_level = replica');
+$oldnode->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'max_wal_senders = 1');
 $oldnode->start;
 
 my $result;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out b/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
index b15eddbff3c..51f53637fb9 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
@@ -428,6 +428,19 @@ ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (disable_on_error = true);
 
 ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
 DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+-- this test verifies that DROP SUBSCRIPTION returns an immediate error
+-- and does not hang when it makes connection to a recently created database
+-- whose caches are not yet initialized.
+CREATE DATABASE regression_db;
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regression_db' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect=false);
+WARNING:  subscription was created, but is not connected
+HINT:  To initiate replication, you must manually create the replication slot, enable the subscription, and refresh the subscription.
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+ERROR:  could not drop replication slot "regress_testsub" on publisher: ERROR:  replication slot "regress_testsub" does not exist
+-- now set the slot_name to NONE and DROP SUBSCRIPTION, it should work
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+DROP DATABASE regression_db;
 -- let's do some tests with pg_create_subscription rather than superuser
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_subscription_user3;
 -- fail, not enough privileges
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
index 444e563ff3f..a634f9fd4ac 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
@@ -290,6 +290,19 @@ ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (disable_on_error = true);
 ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
 DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
 
+-- this test verifies that DROP SUBSCRIPTION returns an immediate error
+-- and does not hang when it makes connection to a recently created database
+-- whose caches are not yet initialized.
+CREATE DATABASE regression_db;
+CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regression_db' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect=false);
+
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+
+-- now set the slot_name to NONE and DROP SUBSCRIPTION, it should work
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
+DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
+DROP DATABASE regression_db;
+
 -- let's do some tests with pg_create_subscription rather than superuser
 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_subscription_user3;
 
-- 
2.51.0.rc1.163.g2494970778-goog