psql-csv-format-v9.patch

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/copy.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/copy.sgml
index 13a8b68..98147ef 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/copy.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/copy.sgml
@@ -672,6 +672,10 @@ COPY <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable>
 
   <refsect2>
    <title>CSV Format</title>
+   <indexterm>
+    <primary>CSV</primary>
+    <secondary>in COPY</secondary>
+   </indexterm>
 
    <para>
     This format option is used for importing and exporting the Comma
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
index a1ca940..2897486 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
@@ -152,6 +152,20 @@ EOF
     </varlistentry>
 
     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--csv</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+      <para>
+      <indexterm>
+       <primary>CSV</primary>
+       <secondary>in psql</secondary>
+      </indexterm>
+      Switches to <acronym>CSV</acronym> output mode. This is equivalent
+      to <command>\pset format csv</command>.
+      </para>
+      </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
       <term><option>--dbname=<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
@@ -2557,6 +2571,19 @@ lo_import 152801
           </varlistentry>
 
           <varlistentry>
+          <term><literal>fieldsep_csv</literal></term>
+          <listitem>
+          <para>
+          Specifies the field separator to be used in the
+          <acronym>CSV</acronym> format. When the separator appears in a field
+          value, that field is output inside double quotes according to
+          <acronym>CSV</acronym> rules. To set a tab as field separator, type
+          <literal>\pset fieldsep_csv '\t'</literal>. The default is a comma.
+          </para>
+          </listitem>
+          </varlistentry>
+
+          <varlistentry>
           <term><literal>fieldsep_zero</literal></term>
           <listitem>
           <para>
@@ -2584,11 +2611,16 @@ lo_import 152801
           <term><literal>format</literal></term>
           <listitem>
           <para>
-          Sets the output format to one of <literal>aligned</literal>,
-          <literal>asciidoc</literal>, <literal>html</literal>,
+          Sets the output format to one of
+          <literal>aligned</literal>,
+          <literal>asciidoc</literal>,
+          <literal>csv</literal>,
+          <literal>html</literal>,
           <literal>latex</literal> (uses <literal>tabular</literal>),
-          <literal>latex-longtable</literal>, <literal>troff-ms</literal>,
-          <literal>unaligned</literal>, or <literal>wrapped</literal>.
+          <literal>latex-longtable</literal>,
+          <literal>troff-ms</literal>,
+          <literal>unaligned</literal>,
+          or <literal>wrapped</literal>.
           Unique abbreviations are allowed.  (That would mean one letter
           is enough.)
           </para>
@@ -2596,14 +2628,27 @@ lo_import 152801
           <para><literal>unaligned</literal> format writes all columns of a row on one
           line, separated by the currently active field separator. This
           is useful for creating output that might be intended to be read
-          in by other programs (for example, tab-separated or comma-separated
-          format).
+          in by other programs.
           </para>
 
           <para><literal>aligned</literal> format is the standard, human-readable,
           nicely formatted text output;  this is the default.
           </para>
 
+         <para><literal>csv</literal> format writes columns separated by
+         commas, applying the quoting rules described in RFC 4180.
+         Alternative separators can be selected with
+         <command>\pset fieldsep_csv</command>.
+         The output is compatible with the CSV format of the
+         <command>COPY</command> command. The header with column names
+         is output unless the <literal>tuples_only</literal> parameter is
+         <literal>on</literal>. Title and footers are not printed.
+         Each row is terminated by the system-dependent end-of-line character,
+         which is typically a single newline (<literal>\n</literal>) for
+         Unix-like systems or a carriage return and newline sequence
+         (<literal>\r\n</literal>) for Microsoft Windows.
+         </para>
+
           <para><literal>wrapped</literal> format is like <literal>aligned</literal> but wraps
           wide data values across lines to make the output fit in the target
           column width.  The target width is determined as described under
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/command.c b/src/bin/psql/command.c
index 0dea54d..ea064ab 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/command.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/command.c
@@ -1941,8 +1941,8 @@ exec_command_pset(PsqlScanState scan_state, bool active_branch)
 
 			int			i;
 			static const char *const my_list[] = {
-				"border", "columns", "expanded", "fieldsep", "fieldsep_zero",
-				"footer", "format", "linestyle", "null",
+				"border", "columns", "expanded", "fieldsep", "fieldsep_csv",
+				"fieldsep_zero", "footer", "format", "linestyle", "null",
 				"numericlocale", "pager", "pager_min_lines",
 				"recordsep", "recordsep_zero",
 				"tableattr", "title", "tuples_only",
@@ -3566,6 +3566,9 @@ _align2string(enum printFormat in)
 		case PRINT_ASCIIDOC:
 			return "asciidoc";
 			break;
+		case PRINT_CSV:
+			return "csv";
+			break;
 		case PRINT_HTML:
 			return "html";
 			break;
@@ -3643,6 +3646,8 @@ do_pset(const char *param, const char *value, printQueryOpt *popt, bool quiet)
 			popt->topt.format = PRINT_ALIGNED;
 		else if (pg_strncasecmp("asciidoc", value, vallen) == 0)
 			popt->topt.format = PRINT_ASCIIDOC;
+		else if (pg_strncasecmp("csv", value, vallen) == 0)
+			popt->topt.format = PRINT_CSV;
 		else if (pg_strncasecmp("html", value, vallen) == 0)
 			popt->topt.format = PRINT_HTML;
 		else if (pg_strncasecmp("latex", value, vallen) == 0)
@@ -3657,7 +3662,7 @@ do_pset(const char *param, const char *value, printQueryOpt *popt, bool quiet)
 			popt->topt.format = PRINT_WRAPPED;
 		else
 		{
-			psql_error("\\pset: allowed formats are aligned, asciidoc, html, latex, latex-longtable, troff-ms, unaligned, wrapped\n");
+			psql_error("\\pset: allowed formats are aligned, asciidoc, csv, html, latex, latex-longtable, troff-ms, unaligned, wrapped\n");
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
@@ -3785,6 +3790,26 @@ do_pset(const char *param, const char *value, printQueryOpt *popt, bool quiet)
 		}
 	}
 
+	else if (strcmp(param, "fieldsep_csv") == 0)
+	{
+		if (value)
+		{
+			/* check for value being non-empty and with an MB length of 1 */
+			if (*value == '\0' || value[PQmblen(value, pset.encoding)] != '\0')
+			{
+				psql_error("\\pset: the CSV field separator must be a single character\n");
+				return false;
+			}
+			if (value[0] == '"' || value[0] == '\n' || value[0] == '\r')
+			{
+				psql_error("\\pset: the CSV field separator must not be a double quote, newline, or carriage return\n");
+				return false;
+			}
+			free(popt->topt.fieldSepCsv);
+			popt->topt.fieldSepCsv = pg_strdup(value);
+		}
+	}
+
 	else if (strcmp(param, "fieldsep_zero") == 0)
 	{
 		free(popt->topt.fieldSep.separator);
@@ -3940,6 +3965,13 @@ printPsetInfo(const char *param, struct printQueryOpt *popt)
 		printf(_("Field separator is zero byte.\n"));
 	}
 
+	/* show field separator for CSV format */
+	else if (strcmp(param, "fieldsep_csv") == 0)
+	{
+		printf(_("Field separator for CSV is \"%s\".\n"),
+			   popt->topt.fieldSepCsv);
+	}
+
 	/* show disable "(x rows)" footer */
 	else if (strcmp(param, "footer") == 0)
 	{
@@ -4134,6 +4166,8 @@ pset_value_string(const char *param, struct printQueryOpt *popt)
 		return pset_quoted_string(popt->topt.fieldSep.separator
 								  ? popt->topt.fieldSep.separator
 								  : "");
+	else if (strcmp(param, "fieldsep_csv") == 0)
+		return pset_quoted_string(popt->topt.fieldSepCsv);
 	else if (strcmp(param, "fieldsep_zero") == 0)
 		return pstrdup(pset_bool_string(popt->topt.fieldSep.separator_zero));
 	else if (strcmp(param, "footer") == 0)
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/help.c b/src/bin/psql/help.c
index 586aebd..ad18759 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/help.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/help.c
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ usage(unsigned short int pager)
 
 	fprintf(output, _("\nOutput format options:\n"));
 	fprintf(output, _("  -A, --no-align           unaligned table output mode\n"));
+	fprintf(output, _("      --csv                Comma-Separated-Values output mode\n"));
 	fprintf(output, _("  -F, --field-separator=STRING\n"
 					  "                           field separator for unaligned output (default: \"%s\")\n"),
 			DEFAULT_FIELD_SEP);
@@ -272,10 +273,10 @@ slashUsage(unsigned short int pager)
 	fprintf(output, _("  \\H                     toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)\n"),
 			ON(pset.popt.topt.format == PRINT_HTML));
 	fprintf(output, _("  \\pset [NAME [VALUE]]   set table output option\n"
-					  "                         (NAME := {border|columns|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_zero|\n"
-					  "                         footer|format|linestyle|null|numericlocale|pager|\n"
-					  "                         pager_min_lines|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tableattr|title|\n"
-					  "                         tuples_only|unicode_border_linestyle|\n"
+					  "                         (NAME := {border|columns|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_csv|\n"
+					  "                         fieldsep_zero|footer|format|linestyle|null|numericlocale|\n"
+					  "                         pager|pager_min_lines|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tableattr|\n"
+					  "                         title|tuples_only|unicode_border_linestyle|\n"
 					  "                         unicode_column_linestyle|unicode_header_linestyle})\n"));
 	fprintf(output, _("  \\t [on|off]            show only rows (currently %s)\n"),
 			ON(pset.popt.topt.tuples_only));
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/startup.c b/src/bin/psql/startup.c
index be57574..8e7e9d0 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/startup.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/startup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	pset.popt.topt.unicode_column_linestyle = UNICODE_LINESTYLE_SINGLE;
 	pset.popt.topt.unicode_header_linestyle = UNICODE_LINESTYLE_SINGLE;
 
+	pset.popt.topt.fieldSepCsv = pg_strdup(",");
+
 	refresh_utf8format(&(pset.popt.topt));
 
 	/* We must get COLUMNS here before readline() sets it */
@@ -436,6 +438,7 @@ parse_psql_options(int argc, char *argv[], struct adhoc_opts *options)
 		{"echo-all", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
 		{"no-align", no_argument, NULL, 'A'},
 		{"command", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+		{"csv", no_argument, NULL, 2}, /* no single-letter short form */
 		{"dbname", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
 		{"echo-queries", no_argument, NULL, 'e'},
 		{"echo-errors", no_argument, NULL, 'b'},
@@ -658,6 +661,10 @@ parse_psql_options(int argc, char *argv[], struct adhoc_opts *options)
 					exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 				}
 				break;
+			case 2:
+				/*  --csv (only as a long option) */
+				pset.popt.topt.format = PRINT_CSV;
+				break;
 			default:
 		unknown_option:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
index 7294824..eb1c54e 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
@@ -3527,9 +3527,9 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
 	else if (TailMatchesCS("\\password"))
 		COMPLETE_WITH_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_roles);
 	else if (TailMatchesCS("\\pset"))
-		COMPLETE_WITH_CS("border", "columns", "expanded",
-						 "fieldsep", "fieldsep_zero", "footer", "format",
-						 "linestyle", "null", "numericlocale",
+		COMPLETE_WITH_CS("border", "columns", "expanded", "fieldsep",
+						 "fieldsep_csv", "fieldsep_zero", "footer",
+						 "format", "linestyle", "null", "numericlocale",
 						 "pager", "pager_min_lines",
 						 "recordsep", "recordsep_zero",
 						 "tableattr", "title", "tuples_only",
@@ -3539,7 +3539,7 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
 	else if (TailMatchesCS("\\pset", MatchAny))
 	{
 		if (TailMatchesCS("format"))
-			COMPLETE_WITH_CS("aligned", "asciidoc", "html", "latex",
+			COMPLETE_WITH_CS("aligned", "asciidoc", "csv", "html", "latex",
 							 "latex-longtable", "troff-ms", "unaligned",
 							 "wrapped");
 		else if (TailMatchesCS("linestyle"))
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/print.c b/src/fe_utils/print.c
index cb9a9a0..fb83c4e 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/print.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/print.c
@@ -2783,6 +2783,113 @@ print_troff_ms_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
 	}
 }
 
+/*************************/
+/* CSV  				 */
+/*************************/
+static void
+csv_escaped_print(const char *text, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	fputc('"', fout);
+	for (p = text; *p; p++)
+	{
+		if (*p == '"')
+			fputc('"', fout);	/* double quotes are doubled */
+		fputc(*p, fout);
+	}
+	fputc('"', fout);
+}
+
+static void
+csv_print_field(const char *text, FILE *fout, const char *sep)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Enclose and escape field contents when one of these conditions is
+	 * met:
+	 * - the field separator is found in the contents
+	 * - the field contains a CR or LF
+	 * - the field contains a double quote
+	 */
+	if ((sep != NULL && *sep != '\0' && strstr(text, sep) != NULL) ||
+		strcspn(text, "\r\n\"") != strlen(text))
+	{
+		csv_escaped_print(text, fout);
+	}
+	else
+		fputs(text, fout);
+}
+
+static void
+print_csv_text(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	const char *const *ptr;
+	int i;
+
+	if (cancel_pressed)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * The title and footer are never printed in csv format.
+	 * The header is printed if opt_tuples_only is false.
+	 *
+	 * Despite RFC 4180 saying that end of lines are CRLF, terminate
+	 * lines with '\n', which represent system-dependent end of lines
+	 * in text mode (typically LF on Unix and CRLF on Windows).
+	 */
+
+	if (cont->opt->start_table && !cont->opt->tuples_only)
+	{
+		/* print headers */
+		for (ptr = cont->headers; *ptr; ptr++)
+		{
+			if (ptr != cont->headers)
+				fputs(cont->opt->fieldSepCsv, fout);
+			csv_print_field(*ptr, fout, cont->opt->fieldSepCsv);
+		}
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+
+	/* print cells */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		csv_print_field(*ptr, fout, cont->opt->fieldSepCsv);
+
+		if ((i + 1) % cont->ncolumns)
+			fputs(cont->opt->fieldSepCsv, fout);
+		else
+		{
+			fputc('\n', fout);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+print_csv_vertical(const printTableContent *cont, FILE *fout)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	const char *const *ptr;
+
+	/* print records */
+	for (i = 0, ptr = cont->cells; *ptr; i++, ptr++)
+	{
+		if (cancel_pressed)
+			return;
+
+		/* print name of column */
+		csv_print_field(cont->headers[i % cont->ncolumns], fout,
+						cont->opt->fieldSepCsv);
+
+		/* print field separator */
+		fputs(cont->opt->fieldSepCsv, fout);
+
+		/* print field value */
+		csv_print_field(*ptr, fout, cont->opt->fieldSepCsv);
+
+		fputc('\n', fout);
+	}
+}
+
 
 /********************************/
 /* Public functions				*/
@@ -3234,6 +3341,12 @@ printTable(const printTableContent *cont,
 			else
 				print_aligned_text(cont, fout, is_pager);
 			break;
+		case PRINT_CSV:
+			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
+				print_csv_vertical(cont, fout);
+			else
+				print_csv_text(cont, fout);
+			break;
 		case PRINT_HTML:
 			if (cont->opt->expanded == 1)
 				print_html_vertical(cont, fout);
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/print.h b/src/include/fe_utils/print.h
index b761349..3f8508c 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/print.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/print.h
@@ -26,15 +26,16 @@
 enum printFormat
 {
 	PRINT_NOTHING = 0,			/* to make sure someone initializes this */
+	/* add your favourite output format (in alphabetic order) ... */
 	PRINT_ALIGNED,
 	PRINT_ASCIIDOC,
+	PRINT_CSV,
 	PRINT_HTML,
 	PRINT_LATEX,
 	PRINT_LATEX_LONGTABLE,
 	PRINT_TROFF_MS,
 	PRINT_UNALIGNED,
 	PRINT_WRAPPED
-	/* add your favourite output format here ... */
 };
 
 typedef struct printTextLineFormat
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ typedef struct printTableOpt
 	const printTextFormat *line_style;	/* line style (NULL for default) */
 	struct separator fieldSep;	/* field separator for unaligned text mode */
 	struct separator recordSep; /* record separator for unaligned text mode */
+	char	   *fieldSepCsv;	/* field separator for csv format */
 	bool		numericLocale;	/* locale-aware numeric units separator and
 								 * decimal marker */
 	char	   *tableAttr;		/* attributes for HTML <table ...> */
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/psql.out b/src/test/regress/expected/psql.out
index 3818cfe..9df8ce5 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/psql.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/psql.out
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ border                   1
 columns                  0
 expanded                 off
 fieldsep                 '|'
+fieldsep_csv             ','
 fieldsep_zero            off
 footer                   on
 format                   aligned
@@ -3243,3 +3244,112 @@ last error message: division by zero
 \echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
 last error code: 22012
 \unset FETCH_COUNT
+-- test csv format
+prepare q as select 'ab,cd' as col1, 'ab' as "col,2", E'a\tb' as col3, '"' as col4,
+  '""' as col5, 'a"b' as "col""6", E'a\nb' as col7, NULL as col8, 'ab' as "col
+  9",  array['ab', E'cd\nef'] as col10,
+  '{"a":"a,b", "a,b":null, "c":"a,\"b"}'::json as col11
+   from generate_series(1,2);
+\pset format csv
+\pset fieldsep_csv ','
+\pset expanded off
+\t off
+execute q;
+col1,"col,2",col3,col4,col5,"col""6",col7,col8,"col
+  9",col10,col11
+"ab,cd",ab,a	b,"""","""""","a""b","a
+b",,ab,"{ab,""cd
+ef""}","{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+"ab,cd",ab,a	b,"""","""""","a""b","a
+b",,ab,"{ab,""cd
+ef""}","{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+\pset fieldsep_csv '\t'
+execute q;
+col1	col,2	col3	col4	col5	"col""6"	col7	col8	"col
+  9"	col10	col11
+ab,cd	ab	"a	b"	""""	""""""	"a""b"	"a
+b"		ab	"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"	"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+ab,cd	ab	"a	b"	""""	""""""	"a""b"	"a
+b"		ab	"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"	"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+\t on
+execute q;
+ab,cd	ab	"a	b"	""""	""""""	"a""b"	"a
+b"		ab	"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"	"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+ab,cd	ab	"a	b"	""""	""""""	"a""b"	"a
+b"		ab	"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"	"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+\t off
+\pset expanded on
+execute q;
+col1	ab,cd
+col,2	ab
+col3	"a	b"
+col4	""""
+col5	""""""
+"col""6"	"a""b"
+col7	"a
+b"
+col8	
+"col
+  9"	ab
+col10	"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"
+col11	"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+col1	ab,cd
+col,2	ab
+col3	"a	b"
+col4	""""
+col5	""""""
+"col""6"	"a""b"
+col7	"a
+b"
+col8	
+"col
+  9"	ab
+col10	"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"
+col11	"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+\pset fieldsep_csv ','
+execute q;
+col1,"ab,cd"
+"col,2",ab
+col3,a	b
+col4,""""
+col5,""""""
+"col""6","a""b"
+col7,"a
+b"
+col8,
+"col
+  9",ab
+col10,"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"
+col11,"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+col1,"ab,cd"
+"col,2",ab
+col3,a	b
+col4,""""
+col5,""""""
+"col""6","a""b"
+col7,"a
+b"
+col8,
+"col
+  9",ab
+col10,"{ab,""cd
+ef""}"
+col11,"{""a"":""a,b"", ""a,b"":null, ""c"":""a,\""b""}"
+-- illegal csv separators
+\pset fieldsep_csv ''
+\pset: the CSV field separator must be a single character
+\pset fieldsep_csv ',,'
+\pset: the CSV field separator must be a single character
+\pset fieldsep_csv '\0'
+\pset: the CSV field separator must be a single character
+deallocate q;
+\pset format aligned
+\pset expanded off
+\t off
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql
index b45da9b..86e504b 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql
@@ -688,3 +688,35 @@ select 1/(15-unique2) from tenk1 order by unique2 limit 19;
 \echo 'last error code:' :LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
 
 \unset FETCH_COUNT
+
+-- test csv format
+prepare q as select 'ab,cd' as col1, 'ab' as "col,2", E'a\tb' as col3, '"' as col4,
+  '""' as col5, 'a"b' as "col""6", E'a\nb' as col7, NULL as col8, 'ab' as "col
+  9",  array['ab', E'cd\nef'] as col10,
+  '{"a":"a,b", "a,b":null, "c":"a,\"b"}'::json as col11
+   from generate_series(1,2);
+
+\pset format csv
+\pset fieldsep_csv ','
+\pset expanded off
+\t off
+execute q;
+\pset fieldsep_csv '\t'
+execute q;
+\t on
+execute q;
+\t off
+\pset expanded on
+execute q;
+\pset fieldsep_csv ','
+execute q;
+
+-- illegal csv separators
+\pset fieldsep_csv ''
+\pset fieldsep_csv ',,'
+\pset fieldsep_csv '\0'
+
+deallocate q;
+\pset format aligned
+\pset expanded off
+\t off