0008-opclass-parameters-contrib_hstore-v01.patch
text/x-patch
Filename: 0008-opclass-parameters-contrib_hstore-v01.patch
Type: text/x-patch
Part: 7
Message:
[PATCH] Opclass parameters
Patch
Format: unified
Series: patch v1-0008
| File | + | − |
|---|---|---|
| contrib/hstore/hstore--1.5--1.6.sql | 32 | 0 |
| contrib/hstore/hstore.control | 1 | 1 |
| contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c | 111 | 89 |
| contrib/hstore/Makefile | 1 | 1 |
| doc/src/sgml/hstore.sgml | 9 | 0 |
diff --git a/contrib/hstore/Makefile b/contrib/hstore/Makefile
index ab7fef3..6782f33 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/hstore/Makefile
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ OBJS = hstore_io.o hstore_op.o hstore_gist.o hstore_gin.o hstore_compat.o \
$(WIN32RES)
EXTENSION = hstore
-DATA = hstore--1.4.sql hstore--1.4--1.5.sql \
+DATA = hstore--1.4.sql hstore--1.4--1.5.sql hstore--1.5--1.6.sql \
hstore--1.3--1.4.sql hstore--1.2--1.3.sql \
hstore--1.1--1.2.sql hstore--1.0--1.1.sql \
hstore--unpackaged--1.0.sql
diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore--1.5--1.6.sql b/contrib/hstore/hstore--1.5--1.6.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c85ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore--1.5--1.6.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* contrib/hstore/hstore--1.5--1.6.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
+\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION intarray UPDATE TO '1.6'" to load this file. \quit
+
+-- Update procedure signatures the hard way.
+-- We use to_regprocedure() so that query doesn't fail if run against 9.6beta1 definitions,
+-- wherein the signatures have been updated already. In that case to_regprocedure() will
+-- return NULL and no updates will happen.
+
+UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_proc SET
+ proargtypes = pg_catalog.array_to_string(newtypes::pg_catalog.oid[], ' ')::pg_catalog.oidvector,
+ pronargs = pg_catalog.array_length(newtypes, 1)
+FROM (VALUES
+(NULL::pg_catalog.text, NULL::pg_catalog.regtype[]), -- establish column types
+('ghstore_compress(internal)', '{internal,internal}'),
+('ghstore_decompress(internal)', '{internal,internal}'),
+('ghstore_consistent(internal,hstore,smallint,oid,internal)', '{internal,hstore,smallint,oid,internal,internal}'),
+('ghstore_penalty(internal,internal,internal)', '{internal,internal,internal,internal}'),
+('ghstore_picksplit(internal,internal)', '{internal,internal,internal}'),
+('ghstore_union(internal,internal)', '{internal,internal,internal}'),
+('ghstore_same(ghstore,ghstore,internal)', '{ghstore,ghstore,internal,internal}')
+) AS update_data (oldproc, newtypes)
+WHERE oid = pg_catalog.to_regprocedure(oldproc);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION ghstore_options(internal, boolean)
+RETURNS internal
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'ghstore_options'
+LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE;
+
+ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY gist_hstore_ops USING gist
+ADD FUNCTION 10 (hstore) ghstore_options (internal, boolean);
diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore.control b/contrib/hstore/hstore.control
index 8a71947..93688cd 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/hstore.control
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore.control
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
# hstore extension
comment = 'data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs'
-default_version = '1.5'
+default_version = '1.6'
module_pathname = '$libdir/hstore'
relocatable = true
diff --git a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
index 6d24d2f..13be2c0 100644
--- a/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
+++ b/contrib/hstore/hstore_gist.c
@@ -4,29 +4,33 @@
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/gist.h"
+#include "access/reloptions.h"
#include "access/stratnum.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "utils/pg_crc.h"
#include "hstore.h"
+/* gist_hstore_ops opclass options */
+typedef struct HstoreGistOptions
+{
+ int32 vl_len_; /* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */
+ int siglen; /* signature length in bytes */
+} GistHstoreOptions;
+
/* bigint defines */
#define BITBYTE 8
-#define SIGLENINT 4 /* >122 => key will toast, so very slow!!! */
-#define SIGLEN ( sizeof(int)*SIGLENINT )
-#define SIGLENBIT (SIGLEN*BITBYTE)
+#define SIGLEN_DEFAULT (sizeof(int32) * 4)
+#define SIGLEN_MAX (sizeof(int32) * 122) /* key will toast, so very slow!!! */
+#define SIGLENBIT(siglen) ((siglen) * BITBYTE)
-typedef char BITVEC[SIGLEN];
typedef char *BITVECP;
-#define SIGPTR(x) ( (BITVECP) ARR_DATA_PTR(x) )
-
+#define LOOPBYTE(siglen) \
+ for (i = 0; i < (siglen); i++)
-#define LOOPBYTE \
- for(i=0;i<SIGLEN;i++)
-
-#define LOOPBIT \
- for(i=0;i<SIGLENBIT;i++)
+#define LOOPBIT(siglen) \
+ for (i = 0; i < SIGLENBIT(siglen); i++)
/* beware of multiple evaluation of arguments to these macros! */
#define GETBYTE(x,i) ( *( (BITVECP)(x) + (int)( (i) / BITBYTE ) ) )
@@ -34,8 +38,8 @@ typedef char *BITVECP;
#define CLRBIT(x,i) GETBYTE(x,i) &= ~( 0x01 << ( (i) % BITBYTE ) )
#define SETBIT(x,i) GETBYTE(x,i) |= ( 0x01 << ( (i) % BITBYTE ) )
#define GETBIT(x,i) ( (GETBYTE(x,i) >> ( (i) % BITBYTE )) & 0x01 )
-#define HASHVAL(val) (((unsigned int)(val)) % SIGLENBIT)
-#define HASH(sign, val) SETBIT((sign), HASHVAL(val))
+#define HASHVAL(val, siglen) (((unsigned int)(val)) % SIGLENBIT(siglen))
+#define HASH(sign, val, siglen) SETBIT((sign), HASHVAL(val, siglen))
typedef struct
{
@@ -49,7 +53,7 @@ typedef struct
#define ISALLTRUE(x) ( ((GISTTYPE*)x)->flag & ALLISTRUE )
#define GTHDRSIZE (VARHDRSZ + sizeof(int32))
-#define CALCGTSIZE(flag) ( GTHDRSIZE+(((flag) & ALLISTRUE) ? 0 : SIGLEN) )
+#define CALCGTSIZE(flag, siglen) ( GTHDRSIZE+(((flag) & ALLISTRUE) ? 0 : (siglen)) )
#define GETSIGN(x) ( (BITVECP)( (char*)x+GTHDRSIZE ) )
@@ -100,6 +104,27 @@ ghstore_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
PG_RETURN_DATUM(0);
}
+static GISTTYPE *
+ghstore_alloc(bool allistrue, int siglen, BITVECP sign)
+{
+ int flag = allistrue ? ALLISTRUE : 0;
+ int size = CALCGTSIZE(flag, siglen);
+ GISTTYPE *res = palloc(size);
+
+ SET_VARSIZE(res, size);
+ res->flag = flag;
+
+ if (!allistrue)
+ {
+ if (sign)
+ memcpy(GETSIGN(res), sign, siglen);
+ else
+ memset(GETSIGN(res), 0, siglen);
+ }
+
+ return res;
+}
+
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_consistent);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_compress);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_decompress);
@@ -107,36 +132,37 @@ PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_penalty);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_picksplit);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_union);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_same);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ghstore_options);
Datum
ghstore_compress(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
GISTENTRY *entry = (GISTENTRY *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+ GistHstoreOptions *options = (GistHstoreOptions *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
+ int siglen = options->siglen;
GISTENTRY *retval = entry;
if (entry->leafkey)
{
- GISTTYPE *res = (GISTTYPE *) palloc0(CALCGTSIZE(0));
+ GISTTYPE *res = ghstore_alloc(false, siglen, NULL);
HStore *val = DatumGetHStoreP(entry->key);
HEntry *hsent = ARRPTR(val);
char *ptr = STRPTR(val);
int count = HS_COUNT(val);
int i;
- SET_VARSIZE(res, CALCGTSIZE(0));
-
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
{
int h;
h = crc32_sz((char *) HSTORE_KEY(hsent, ptr, i),
HSTORE_KEYLEN(hsent, i));
- HASH(GETSIGN(res), h);
+ HASH(GETSIGN(res), h, siglen);
if (!HSTORE_VALISNULL(hsent, i))
{
h = crc32_sz((char *) HSTORE_VAL(hsent, ptr, i),
HSTORE_VALLEN(hsent, i));
- HASH(GETSIGN(res), h);
+ HASH(GETSIGN(res), h, siglen);
}
}
@@ -152,15 +178,13 @@ ghstore_compress(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
GISTTYPE *res;
BITVECP sign = GETSIGN(DatumGetPointer(entry->key));
- LOOPBYTE
+ LOOPBYTE(siglen)
{
if ((sign[i] & 0xff) != 0xff)
PG_RETURN_POINTER(retval);
}
- res = (GISTTYPE *) palloc(CALCGTSIZE(ALLISTRUE));
- SET_VARSIZE(res, CALCGTSIZE(ALLISTRUE));
- res->flag = ALLISTRUE;
+ res = ghstore_alloc(true, siglen, NULL);
retval = (GISTENTRY *) palloc(sizeof(GISTENTRY));
gistentryinit(*retval, PointerGetDatum(res),
@@ -188,6 +212,9 @@ ghstore_same(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
GISTTYPE *a = (GISTTYPE *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
GISTTYPE *b = (GISTTYPE *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
bool *result = (bool *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2);
+ GistHstoreOptions *options = (GistHstoreOptions *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(3);
+ int siglen = options->siglen;
+
if (ISALLTRUE(a) && ISALLTRUE(b))
*result = true;
@@ -202,7 +229,7 @@ ghstore_same(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sb = GETSIGN(b);
*result = true;
- LOOPBYTE
+ LOOPBYTE(siglen)
{
if (sa[i] != sb[i])
{
@@ -215,12 +242,12 @@ ghstore_same(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
}
static int32
-sizebitvec(BITVECP sign)
+sizebitvec(BITVECP sign, int siglen)
{
int32 size = 0,
i;
- LOOPBYTE
+ LOOPBYTE(siglen)
{
size += SUMBIT(sign);
sign = (BITVECP) (((char *) sign) + 1);
@@ -229,12 +256,12 @@ sizebitvec(BITVECP sign)
}
static int
-hemdistsign(BITVECP a, BITVECP b)
+hemdistsign(BITVECP a, BITVECP b, int siglen)
{
int i,
dist = 0;
- LOOPBIT
+ LOOPBIT(siglen)
{
if (GETBIT(a, i) != GETBIT(b, i))
dist++;
@@ -243,30 +270,30 @@ hemdistsign(BITVECP a, BITVECP b)
}
static int
-hemdist(GISTTYPE *a, GISTTYPE *b)
+hemdist(GISTTYPE *a, GISTTYPE *b, int siglen)
{
if (ISALLTRUE(a))
{
if (ISALLTRUE(b))
return 0;
else
- return SIGLENBIT - sizebitvec(GETSIGN(b));
+ return SIGLENBIT(siglen) - sizebitvec(GETSIGN(b), siglen);
}
else if (ISALLTRUE(b))
- return SIGLENBIT - sizebitvec(GETSIGN(a));
+ return SIGLENBIT(siglen) - sizebitvec(GETSIGN(a), siglen);
- return hemdistsign(GETSIGN(a), GETSIGN(b));
+ return hemdistsign(GETSIGN(a), GETSIGN(b), siglen);
}
static int32
-unionkey(BITVECP sbase, GISTTYPE *add)
+unionkey(BITVECP sbase, GISTTYPE *add, int siglen)
{
int32 i;
BITVECP sadd = GETSIGN(add);
if (ISALLTRUE(add))
return 1;
- LOOPBYTE
+ LOOPBYTE(siglen)
sbase[i] |= sadd[i];
return 0;
}
@@ -278,28 +305,23 @@ ghstore_union(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
int32 len = entryvec->n;
int *size = (int *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
- BITVEC base;
+ GistHstoreOptions *options = (GistHstoreOptions *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2);
+ int siglen = options->siglen;
int32 i;
- int32 flag = 0;
- GISTTYPE *result;
+ GISTTYPE *result = ghstore_alloc(false, siglen, NULL);
+ BITVECP base = GETSIGN(result);
- MemSet((void *) base, 0, sizeof(BITVEC));
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
- if (unionkey(base, GETENTRY(entryvec, i)))
+ if (unionkey(base, GETENTRY(entryvec, i), siglen))
{
- flag = ALLISTRUE;
+ result->flag |= ALLISTRUE;
+ SET_VARSIZE(result, CALCGTSIZE(ALLISTRUE, siglen));
break;
}
}
- len = CALCGTSIZE(flag);
- result = (GISTTYPE *) palloc(len);
- SET_VARSIZE(result, len);
- result->flag = flag;
- if (!ISALLTRUE(result))
- memcpy((void *) GETSIGN(result), (void *) base, sizeof(BITVEC));
- *size = len;
+ *size = VARSIZE(result);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}
@@ -310,10 +332,12 @@ ghstore_penalty(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
GISTENTRY *origentry = (GISTENTRY *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0); /* always ISSIGNKEY */
GISTENTRY *newentry = (GISTENTRY *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
float *penalty = (float *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2);
+ GistHstoreOptions *options = (GistHstoreOptions *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(3);
+ int siglen = options->siglen;
GISTTYPE *origval = (GISTTYPE *) DatumGetPointer(origentry->key);
GISTTYPE *newval = (GISTTYPE *) DatumGetPointer(newentry->key);
- *penalty = hemdist(origval, newval);
+ *penalty = hemdist(origval, newval, siglen);
PG_RETURN_POINTER(penalty);
}
@@ -338,6 +362,8 @@ ghstore_picksplit(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
OffsetNumber maxoff = entryvec->n - 2;
GIST_SPLITVEC *v = (GIST_SPLITVEC *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
+ GistHstoreOptions *options = (GistHstoreOptions *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(2);
+ int siglen = options->siglen;
OffsetNumber k,
j;
GISTTYPE *datum_l,
@@ -368,7 +394,7 @@ ghstore_picksplit(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
_k = GETENTRY(entryvec, k);
for (j = OffsetNumberNext(k); j <= maxoff; j = OffsetNumberNext(j))
{
- size_waste = hemdist(_k, GETENTRY(entryvec, j));
+ size_waste = hemdist(_k, GETENTRY(entryvec, j), siglen);
if (size_waste > waste)
{
waste = size_waste;
@@ -390,33 +416,10 @@ ghstore_picksplit(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
}
/* form initial .. */
- if (ISALLTRUE(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_1)))
- {
- datum_l = (GISTTYPE *) palloc(GTHDRSIZE);
- SET_VARSIZE(datum_l, GTHDRSIZE);
- datum_l->flag = ALLISTRUE;
- }
- else
- {
- datum_l = (GISTTYPE *) palloc(GTHDRSIZE + SIGLEN);
- SET_VARSIZE(datum_l, GTHDRSIZE + SIGLEN);
- datum_l->flag = 0;
- memcpy((void *) GETSIGN(datum_l), (void *) GETSIGN(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_1)), sizeof(BITVEC))
- ;
- }
- if (ISALLTRUE(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_2)))
- {
- datum_r = (GISTTYPE *) palloc(GTHDRSIZE);
- SET_VARSIZE(datum_r, GTHDRSIZE);
- datum_r->flag = ALLISTRUE;
- }
- else
- {
- datum_r = (GISTTYPE *) palloc(GTHDRSIZE + SIGLEN);
- SET_VARSIZE(datum_r, GTHDRSIZE + SIGLEN);
- datum_r->flag = 0;
- memcpy((void *) GETSIGN(datum_r), (void *) GETSIGN(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_2)), sizeof(BITVEC));
- }
+ datum_l = ghstore_alloc(ISALLTRUE(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_1)), siglen,
+ GETSIGN(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_1)));
+ datum_r = ghstore_alloc(ISALLTRUE(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_2)), siglen,
+ GETSIGN(GETENTRY(entryvec, seed_2)));
maxoff = OffsetNumberNext(maxoff);
/* sort before ... */
@@ -425,8 +428,8 @@ ghstore_picksplit(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
costvector[j - 1].pos = j;
_j = GETENTRY(entryvec, j);
- size_alpha = hemdist(datum_l, _j);
- size_beta = hemdist(datum_r, _j);
+ size_alpha = hemdist(datum_l, _j, siglen);
+ size_beta = hemdist(datum_r, _j, siglen);
costvector[j - 1].cost = abs(size_alpha - size_beta);
}
qsort((void *) costvector, maxoff, sizeof(SPLITCOST), comparecost);
@@ -450,20 +453,20 @@ ghstore_picksplit(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
continue;
}
_j = GETENTRY(entryvec, j);
- size_alpha = hemdist(datum_l, _j);
- size_beta = hemdist(datum_r, _j);
+ size_alpha = hemdist(datum_l, _j, siglen);
+ size_beta = hemdist(datum_r, _j, siglen);
if (size_alpha < size_beta + WISH_F(v->spl_nleft, v->spl_nright, 0.0001))
{
if (ISALLTRUE(datum_l) || ISALLTRUE(_j))
{
if (!ISALLTRUE(datum_l))
- MemSet((void *) union_l, 0xff, sizeof(BITVEC));
+ MemSet((void *) union_l, 0xff, siglen);
}
else
{
ptr = GETSIGN(_j);
- LOOPBYTE
+ LOOPBYTE(siglen)
union_l[i] |= ptr[i];
}
*left++ = j;
@@ -474,12 +477,12 @@ ghstore_picksplit(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
if (ISALLTRUE(datum_r) || ISALLTRUE(_j))
{
if (!ISALLTRUE(datum_r))
- MemSet((void *) union_r, 0xff, sizeof(BITVEC));
+ MemSet((void *) union_r, 0xff, siglen);
}
else
{
ptr = GETSIGN(_j);
- LOOPBYTE
+ LOOPBYTE(siglen)
union_r[i] |= ptr[i];
}
*right++ = j;
@@ -504,6 +507,8 @@ ghstore_consistent(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
/* Oid subtype = PG_GETARG_OID(3); */
bool *recheck = (bool *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(4);
+ GistHstoreOptions *options = (GistHstoreOptions *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(5);
+ int siglen = options->siglen;
bool res = true;
BITVECP sign;
@@ -529,13 +534,13 @@ ghstore_consistent(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
int crc = crc32_sz((char *) HSTORE_KEY(qe, qv, i),
HSTORE_KEYLEN(qe, i));
- if (GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc)))
+ if (GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc, siglen)))
{
if (!HSTORE_VALISNULL(qe, i))
{
crc = crc32_sz((char *) HSTORE_VAL(qe, qv, i),
HSTORE_VALLEN(qe, i));
- if (!GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc)))
+ if (!GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc, siglen)))
res = false;
}
}
@@ -548,7 +553,7 @@ ghstore_consistent(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
text *query = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(1);
int crc = crc32_sz(VARDATA_ANY(query), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(query));
- res = (GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc))) ? true : false;
+ res = (GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc, siglen))) ? true : false;
}
else if (strategy == HStoreExistsAllStrategyNumber)
{
@@ -569,7 +574,7 @@ ghstore_consistent(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
if (key_nulls[i])
continue;
crc = crc32_sz(VARDATA(key_datums[i]), VARSIZE(key_datums[i]) - VARHDRSZ);
- if (!(GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc))))
+ if (!(GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc, siglen))))
res = false;
}
}
@@ -594,7 +599,7 @@ ghstore_consistent(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
if (key_nulls[i])
continue;
crc = crc32_sz(VARDATA(key_datums[i]), VARSIZE(key_datums[i]) - VARHDRSZ);
- if (GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc)))
+ if (GETBIT(sign, HASHVAL(crc, siglen)))
res = true;
}
}
@@ -603,3 +608,20 @@ ghstore_consistent(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
PG_RETURN_BOOL(res);
}
+
+Datum
+ghstore_options(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+ Datum raw_options = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+ bool validate = PG_GETARG_BOOL(1);
+ relopt_int siglen =
+ { {"siglen", "signature length", 0, 0, 6, RELOPT_TYPE_INT },
+ SIGLEN_DEFAULT, 1, SIGLEN_MAX };
+ relopt_gen *optgen[] = { &siglen.gen };
+ int offsets[] = { offsetof(GistHstoreOptions, siglen) };
+ GistHstoreOptions *options =
+ parseAndFillLocalRelOptions(raw_options, optgen, offsets, 1,
+ sizeof(GistHstoreOptions), validate);
+
+ PG_RETURN_POINTER(options);
+}
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/hstore.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/hstore.sgml
index 94ccd12..45a811f 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/hstore.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/hstore.sgml
@@ -462,6 +462,15 @@ CREATE INDEX hidx ON testhstore USING GIN (h);
</programlisting>
<para>
+ GiST opclass <literal>gist_hstore_ops</literal> has one optional parameter
+ <literal>siglen</literal> for specifying signature length in bytes
+ (default signature length is 16 bytes, maximal length is 488 bytes):
+<programlisting>
+ CREATE INDEX hidx ON testhstore USING GIST (h gist_hstore_ops(siglen=32));
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
<type>hstore</type> also supports <type>btree</type> or <type>hash</type> indexes for
the <literal>=</literal> operator. This allows <type>hstore</type> columns to be
declared <literal>UNIQUE</literal>, or to be used in <literal>GROUP BY</literal>,