v11-0003-Zstd-dictionary-training-process.patch

From b63a58c68180872d882b5b3081ea40654e9062b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nikhil Kumar Veldanda <nikhilkv@amazon.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Apr 2025 21:45:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v11 3/7] Zstd dictionary training process

---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml          |  21 +-
 src/backend/catalog/heap.c                 |  10 +-
 src/backend/catalog/pg_type.c              |  11 +-
 src/backend/catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries.c | 490 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/backend/commands/analyze.c             |   7 +-
 src/backend/commands/typecmds.c            | 107 ++++-
 src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c         |   2 +
 src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat            |  35 ++
 src/include/catalog/pg_type.dat            |   4 +-
 src/include/catalog/pg_type.h              |   8 +-
 src/include/parser/analyze.h               |   5 +
 src/include/utils/typcache.h               |   1 +
 src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out     |   1 +
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list           |   3 +
 14 files changed, 680 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 994dfc65268..5f9d61db004 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , ZSTD_SAMPLING = <replaceable class="parameter">zstd_sampling_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -211,7 +212,8 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>, and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">subscript_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscript_function</replaceable>, and
+   <replaceable class="parameter">zstd_sampling_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -491,6 +493,15 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+    The optional <replaceable class="parameter">zstd_sampling_function</replaceable>
+    performs type-specific sampling for a column of the corresponding data type.
+    By default, for <type>jsonb</type> data type, the function <literal>std_zstd_sampling_for_jsonb</literal> is defined. It attempts to gather samples for a jsonb
+    and returns a sample buffer for zstd dictionary training. The training function must be declared to accept two arguments of type <type>internal</type> and return an <type>internal</type> result.
+    The detailed information for zstd training function is provided in <filename>src/backend/catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries.c</filename>.
+  </para>
+
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2 id="sql-createtype-array" xreflabel="Array Types">
@@ -846,6 +857,14 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">zstd_sampling</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+        <para>
+        Specifies the name of a function that performs sampling on specific type.
+        </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index fbaed5359ad..9d3a8536e23 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -1071,7 +1071,10 @@ AddNewRelationType(const char *typeName,
 				   -1,			/* typmod */
 				   0,			/* array dimensions for typBaseType */
 				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
-				   InvalidOid); /* rowtypes never have a collation */
+				   InvalidOid,	/* rowtypes never have a collation */
+				   F_COMPOSITE_TYPZSTDSAMPLING	/* generate dictionary
+												 * procedure - default */
+		);
 }
 
 /* --------------------------------
@@ -1394,7 +1397,10 @@ heap_create_with_catalog(const char *relname,
 				   -1,			/* typmod */
 				   0,			/* array dimensions for typBaseType */
 				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
-				   InvalidOid); /* rowtypes never have a collation */
+				   InvalidOid,	/* rowtypes never have a collation */
+				   F_ARRAY_TYPZSTDSAMPLING	/* generate dictionary procedure -
+											 * default */
+			);
 
 		pfree(relarrayname);
 	}
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_type.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_type.c
index b36f81afb9d..8ff9b4d327f 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_type.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_type.c
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ TypeShellMake(const char *typeName, Oid typeNamespace, Oid ownerId)
 	values[Anum_pg_type_typtypmod - 1] = Int32GetDatum(-1);
 	values[Anum_pg_type_typndims - 1] = Int32GetDatum(0);
 	values[Anum_pg_type_typcollation - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid);
+	values[Anum_pg_type_typzstdsampling - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid);
 	nulls[Anum_pg_type_typdefaultbin - 1] = true;
 	nulls[Anum_pg_type_typdefault - 1] = true;
 	nulls[Anum_pg_type_typacl - 1] = true;
@@ -223,7 +224,8 @@ TypeCreate(Oid newTypeOid,
 		   int32 typeMod,
 		   int32 typNDims,		/* Array dimensions for baseType */
 		   bool typeNotNull,
-		   Oid typeCollation)
+		   Oid typeCollation,
+		   Oid zstdSamplingProcedure)
 {
 	Relation	pg_type_desc;
 	Oid			typeObjectId;
@@ -378,6 +380,7 @@ TypeCreate(Oid newTypeOid,
 	values[Anum_pg_type_typtypmod - 1] = Int32GetDatum(typeMod);
 	values[Anum_pg_type_typndims - 1] = Int32GetDatum(typNDims);
 	values[Anum_pg_type_typcollation - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(typeCollation);
+	values[Anum_pg_type_typzstdsampling - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(zstdSamplingProcedure);
 
 	/*
 	 * initialize the default binary value for this type.  Check for nulls of
@@ -679,6 +682,12 @@ GenerateTypeDependencies(HeapTuple typeTuple,
 		add_exact_object_address(&referenced, addrs_normal);
 	}
 
+	if (OidIsValid(typeForm->typzstdsampling))
+	{
+		ObjectAddressSet(referenced, ProcedureRelationId, typeForm->typzstdsampling);
+		add_exact_object_address(&referenced, addrs_normal);
+	}
+
 	if (OidIsValid(typeForm->typsubscript))
 	{
 		ObjectAddressSet(referenced, ProcedureRelationId, typeForm->typsubscript);
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries.c
index d5e965c34d0..58964a600a3 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries.c
@@ -14,10 +14,498 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "access/table.h"
+#include "catalog/dependency.h"
+#include "catalog/indexing.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_class_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_zstd_dictionaries_d.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_depend.h"
+#include "catalog/namespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_attribute.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgroids.h"
+#include "utils/rel.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
-#include "varatt.h"
+#include "access/toast_compression.h"
+#include "utils/attoptcache.h"
+#include "parser/analyze.h"
+#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
+#include "access/reloptions.h"
+#include "access/genam.h"
+#include "access/htup_details.h"
+#include "access/sdir.h"
+#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
+#include "utils/relcache.h"
+#include "utils/memutils.h"
+#include "utils/varlena.h"
+#include "nodes/pg_list.h"
+#include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/rangetypes.h"
+#include "utils/multirangetypes.h"
+#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
+#include "access/xact.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ZSTD
+#include <zstd.h>
+#include <zdict.h>
+#endif
+
+#define TARGET_ROWS 30000
+
+typedef struct ZstdTrainingData ZstdTrainingData;
+
+struct ZstdTrainingData
+{
+	char	   *sample_buffer;	/* Pointer to the raw sample buffer */
+	size_t	   *sample_sizes;	/* Array of sample sizes */
+	size_t		nitems;			/* Number of sample sizes */
+	size_t		total_size;		/* Running total sample size */
+};
+
+static bool build_zstd_dictionary_internal(Oid relid, AttrNumber attno);
+static Oid	GetNewDictId(Relation relation);
+static bool append_sample(ZstdTrainingData *dict, const char *sample, size_t sample_size);
+static bool sample_varlena_datum(Datum datum, ZstdTrainingData *dict);
+static int	cleanup_unused_zstd_dictionaries_internal(void);
+
+/*
+ * build_zstd_dictionary_internal
+ *   1) Validate that the given (relid, attno) can have a Zstd compression enabled on heap relation
+ *   2) Call the type-specific sampling procedure
+ *   3) Train a dictionary via ZDICT_trainFromBuffer()
+ *   4) Insert dictionary into pg_zstd_dictionaries
+ *   5) Update pg_attribute.attoptions with new dictid
+ */
+pg_attribute_unused()
+static bool
+build_zstd_dictionary_internal(Oid relid, AttrNumber attno)
+{
+#ifndef USE_ZSTD
+	return false;
+#else
+	Relation	rel;
+	Form_pg_attribute att;
+	AttributeOpts *attopt;
+	TypeCacheEntry *typentry;
+	ZstdTrainingData dict = {0};
+	HeapTuple	sample_rows[TARGET_ROWS];
+	int			num_sampled;
+	double		totalrows = 0,
+				totaldeadrows = 0;
+	int			i;
+	size_t		dict_size;
+	void	   *dict_data;
+	Oid			dictid;
+	bytea	   *dict_bytea;
+	Relation	catalogRel,
+				attRel;
+	HeapTuple	tup,
+				atttup,
+				newtuple;
+	Datum		values[Natts_pg_zstd_dictionaries];
+	bool		nulls[Natts_pg_zstd_dictionaries];
+	Datum		attoptionsDatum,
+				newOptions;
+	bool		isnull;
+	Datum		repl_val[Natts_pg_attribute];
+	bool		repl_null[Natts_pg_attribute];
+	bool		repl_repl[Natts_pg_attribute];
+	DefElem    *def;
+	ObjectAddress dictObj,
+				relObj;
+
+	/* Open relation, verify regular table */
+	rel = table_open(relid, AccessShareLock);
+	if (rel->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_RELATION)
+		goto fail;
+
+	att = TupleDescAttr(RelationGetDescr(rel), attno - 1);
+	if (att->attcompression != TOAST_ZSTD_COMPRESSION)
+		goto fail;
+
+	/* Check attoptions for user-requested dictionary size, etc. */
+	attopt = get_attribute_options(relid, attno);
+	if (attopt && attopt->zstd_dict_size == 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	/*
+	 * 2) Look up the type's custom dictionary builder function We'll call it
+	 * to get sample training data.
+	 */
+	typentry = lookup_type_cache(att->atttypid, 0);
+	if (typentry->typlen != -1 || !OidIsValid(typentry->typzstdsampling))
+		goto fail;
+
+	num_sampled = acquire_sample_rows(rel, 0, sample_rows, TARGET_ROWS, &totalrows, &totaldeadrows);
+	if (num_sampled == 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_sampled; i++)
+	{
+		Datum		value;
+
+		value = heap_getattr(sample_rows[i], attno, RelationGetDescr(rel), &isnull);
+
+		if (!isnull && !DatumGetBool(OidFunctionCall2(typentry->typzstdsampling, value, PointerGetDatum(&dict))))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (dict.nitems == 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	/* ZSTD Dictionary training */
+	dict_size = attopt ? attopt->zstd_dict_size : DEFAULT_ZSTD_DICT_SIZE;
+	dict_data = palloc(dict_size);
+
+	dict_size = ZDICT_trainFromBuffer(dict_data, dict_size, dict.sample_buffer, dict.sample_sizes, dict.nitems);
+	if (ZDICT_isError(dict_size))
+	{
+		elog(LOG, "Zstd dictionary training failed: %s", ZDICT_getErrorName(dict_size));
+		goto cleanup_dict;
+	}
+
+	/* Insert dictionary into catalog */
+	dict_bytea = palloc(VARHDRSZ + dict_size);
+	SET_VARSIZE(dict_bytea, VARHDRSZ + dict_size);
+	memcpy(VARDATA(dict_bytea), dict_data, dict_size);
+
+	catalogRel = table_open(ZstdDictionariesRelationId, ShareRowExclusiveLock);
+	dictid = GetNewDictId(catalogRel);
+
+	memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
+	memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
+	values[Anum_pg_zstd_dictionaries_dictid - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(dictid);
+	values[Anum_pg_zstd_dictionaries_dict - 1] = PointerGetDatum(dict_bytea);
+
+	tup = heap_form_tuple(RelationGetDescr(catalogRel), values, nulls);
+	CatalogTupleInsert(catalogRel, tup);
+
+	heap_freetuple(tup);
+	pfree(dict_bytea);
+	table_close(catalogRel, NoLock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Update pg_attribute.attoptions with "dictid" => dictid so the column
+	 * knows which dictionary to use at compression time.
+	 */
+	attRel = table_open(AttributeRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
+	atttup = SearchSysCacheAttNum(relid, attno);
+	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(atttup))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
+				 errmsg("column number %d of relation \"%u\" does not exist",
+						attno, relid)));
+
+	/* Build new attoptions with dictid=... */
+	def = makeDefElem("dictid",
+					  (Node *) makeString(psprintf("%u", dictid)),
+					  -1);
+
+	attoptionsDatum = SysCacheGetAttr(ATTNUM, atttup,
+									  Anum_pg_attribute_attoptions,
+									  &isnull);
+	newOptions = transformRelOptions(isnull ? (Datum) 0 : attoptionsDatum,
+									 list_make1(def),
+									 NULL, NULL,
+									 false, false);
+	/* Validate them (throws error if invalid) */
+	(void) attribute_reloptions(newOptions, true);
+
+	memset(repl_null, false, sizeof(repl_null));
+	memset(repl_repl, false, sizeof(repl_repl));
+
+	repl_val[Anum_pg_attribute_attoptions - 1] = newOptions;
+	repl_repl[Anum_pg_attribute_attoptions - 1] = true;
+
+	newtuple = heap_modify_tuple(atttup, RelationGetDescr(attRel), repl_val, repl_null, repl_repl);
+	CatalogTupleUpdate(attRel, &newtuple->t_self, newtuple);
+
+	heap_freetuple(newtuple);
+	ReleaseSysCache(atttup);
+	table_close(attRel, NoLock);
+
+	/* Record dependency, relation is depended on this dictionary */
+	ObjectAddressSet(dictObj, ZstdDictionariesRelationId, dictid);
+	ObjectAddressSet(relObj, RelationRelationId, relid);
+	recordDependencyOn(&relObj, &dictObj, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
+
+	pfree(dict_data);
+	table_close(rel, NoLock);
+	return true;
+
+cleanup_dict:
+	pfree(dict_data);
+fail:
+	table_close(rel, NoLock);
+
+	return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Acquire a new unique DictId for a relation.
+ *
+ * Assumes the relation is already locked with ShareRowExclusiveLock,
+ * ensuring that concurrent transactions cannot generate duplicate DictIds.
+ */
+pg_attribute_unused()
+static Oid
+GetNewDictId(Relation dictRel)
+{
+	Relation	idxRel;
+	Oid			maxDictId = InvalidOid;
+	Oid			newDictId;
+	SysScanDesc scan;
+	HeapTuple	tuple;
+
+	/*
+	 * Open the index to read existing DictId values.
+	 */
+	idxRel = index_open(ZstdDictidIndexId, AccessShareLock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Retrieve the maximum existing DictId by scanning in reverse order. This
+	 * relies on the index being sorted ascending on dictid, so scanning
+	 * backward finds the largest value first.
+	 */
+	scan = systable_beginscan_ordered(dictRel,
+									  idxRel,
+									  SnapshotSelf,
+									  0, NULL);
+
+	tuple = systable_getnext_ordered(scan, BackwardScanDirection);
+	if (HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
+	{
+		Datum		value;
+		bool		isNull;
+
+		value = heap_getattr(tuple,
+							 Anum_pg_zstd_dictionaries_dictid,
+							 RelationGetDescr(dictRel),
+							 &isNull);
+		if (!isNull)
+			maxDictId = DatumGetObjectId(value);
+	}
+	systable_endscan_ordered(scan);
+	index_close(idxRel, AccessShareLock);
+
+	/* Propose new DictId one higher than the max found. */
+	newDictId = maxDictId + 1;
+	Assert(newDictId != InvalidDictId);
+
+	if (newDictId <= InvalidDictId || newDictId > UINT32_MAX)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("dictid is not in expected range")));
+
+	return newDictId;
+}
+
+/*
+ * append_sample
+ *
+ * Given a sample (raw bytes) and its size, append it to the training data.
+ * This function re-allocates (or allocates) the contiguous sample_buffer and
+ * the sample_sizes array. It returns true if the new total allocation does not
+ * exceed MaxAllocSize, false otherwise.
+ */
+static bool
+append_sample(ZstdTrainingData *dict, const char *sample, size_t sample_size)
+{
+	if ((dict->total_size + sample_size) > MaxAllocSize)
+		return false;
+
+	if (dict->sample_buffer == NULL)
+		dict->sample_buffer = palloc(sample_size);
+	else
+		dict->sample_buffer = repalloc(dict->sample_buffer, dict->total_size + sample_size);
+
+	memcpy(dict->sample_buffer + dict->total_size, sample, sample_size);
+	dict->total_size += sample_size;
+
+	if (dict->sample_sizes == NULL)
+		dict->sample_sizes = palloc(sizeof(size_t));
+	else
+		dict->sample_sizes = repalloc(dict->sample_sizes, (dict->nitems + 1) * sizeof(size_t));
+
+	dict->sample_sizes[dict->nitems++] = sample_size;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/* Common helper for jsonb and text */
+static bool
+sample_varlena_datum(Datum datum, ZstdTrainingData *dict)
+{
+	struct varlena *attr = (struct varlena *) PG_DETOAST_DATUM(datum);
+
+	return append_sample(dict, VARDATA_ANY(attr), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(attr));
+}
+
+/*
+ * std_zstd_sampling_for_jsonb
+ *
+ * Processes a single jsonb sample.
+ * It detoasts the datum, obtains the raw sample (excluding the header),
+ * and appends it into the provided ZstdTrainingData structure.
+ *
+ * Returns true if the sample was successfully appended, false otherwise.
+ */
+Datum
+std_zstd_sampling_for_jsonb(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(sample_varlena_datum(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0), (ZstdTrainingData *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1)));
+}
+
+/*
+ * std_zstd_sampling_for_text
+ *
+ * Processes a single text sample.
+ * It detoasts the datum, obtains the raw sample (excluding the header),
+ * and appends it into the provided ZstdTrainingData structure.
+ *
+ * Returns true if the sample was successfully appended, false otherwise.
+ */
+Datum
+std_zstd_sampling_for_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(sample_varlena_datum(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0), (ZstdTrainingData *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1)));
+}
+
+/*
+ * array_typzstdsampling -- typzstdsampling function for array columns
+ */
+Datum
+array_typzstdsampling(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	ArrayType  *array = DatumGetArrayTypeP(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+	ZstdTrainingData *dict = (ZstdTrainingData *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
+	Datum	   *elements;
+	bool	   *nulls;
+	int			nelems;
+	TypeCacheEntry *elemCache = lookup_type_cache(ARR_ELEMTYPE(array), 0);
+
+	if (!OidIsValid(elemCache->typzstdsampling))
+		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+
+	deconstruct_array(array, ARR_ELEMTYPE(array), elemCache->typlen, elemCache->typbyval, elemCache->typalign, &elements, &nulls, &nelems);
+
+	for (int j = 0; j < nelems; j++)
+		if (!nulls[j] && !DatumGetBool(OidFunctionCall2(elemCache->typzstdsampling, elements[j], PointerGetDatum(dict))))
+			break;
+
+	pfree(elements);
+	pfree(nulls);
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+}
+
+Datum
+range_typzstdsampling(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	RangeType  *range = DatumGetRangeTypeP(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+	ZstdTrainingData *dict = (ZstdTrainingData *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
+	RangeBound	lower,
+				upper;
+	bool		empty;
+
+	/* Get information about range type; note column might be a domain */
+	TypeCacheEntry *typcache = range_get_typcache(fcinfo, getBaseType(range->rangetypid));
+
+	/* If the type does not supply a builder, skip */
+	if (!OidIsValid(typcache->rngelemtype->typzstdsampling))
+		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+
+	range_deserialize(typcache, range, &lower, &upper, &empty);
+	if (empty)
+		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+
+	OidFunctionCall2(typcache->rngelemtype->typzstdsampling, lower.val, PointerGetDatum(dict));
+
+	OidFunctionCall2(typcache->rngelemtype->typzstdsampling, upper.val, PointerGetDatum(dict));
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+}
+
+Datum
+multirange_typzstdsampling(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	MultirangeType *mrange = DatumGetMultirangeTypeP(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+	ZstdTrainingData *dict = (ZstdTrainingData *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
+	int32		rangeCount;
+	RangeType **ranges;
+
+	/* Get information about multirange type; note column might be a domain */
+	TypeCacheEntry *typcache = multirange_get_typcache(fcinfo, getBaseType(mrange->multirangetypid));
+
+	/* If the type does not supply a builder, skip */
+	if (!OidIsValid(typcache->rngtype->typzstdsampling))
+		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+
+	/* Deserialize the multirange into an array of RangeType pointers */
+	multirange_deserialize(typcache->rngtype, mrange, &rangeCount, &ranges);
+
+	for (int j = 0; j < rangeCount; j++)
+		if (!DatumGetBool(OidFunctionCall2(typcache->rngtype->typzstdsampling, RangeTypePGetDatum(ranges[j]), PointerGetDatum(dict))))
+			break;
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+}
+
+Datum
+composite_typzstdsampling(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	HeapTupleHeader th = DatumGetHeapTupleHeader(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+	ZstdTrainingData *dict = (ZstdTrainingData *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(1);
+
+	TupleDesc	tupdesc = lookup_rowtype_tupdesc(HeapTupleHeaderGetTypeId(th), HeapTupleHeaderGetTypMod(th));
+	HeapTupleData tuple = {.t_data = th,.t_len = HeapTupleHeaderGetDatumLength(th),.t_tableOid = InvalidOid};
+
+	ItemPointerSetInvalid(&tuple.t_self);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; i++)
+	{
+		Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i);
+		bool		isnull;
+		Datum		fieldDatum;
+
+		if (attr->attisdropped || attr->atthasmissing)
+			continue;
+
+		fieldDatum = heap_getattr(&tuple, i + 1, tupdesc, &isnull);
+
+		if (!isnull)
+		{
+			/* Look up the type cache entry for the attribute's type */
+			TypeCacheEntry *typcache = lookup_type_cache(attr->atttypid, 0);
+
+			if (OidIsValid(typcache->typzstdsampling) && !DatumGetBool(OidFunctionCall2(typcache->typzstdsampling, fieldDatum, PointerGetDatum(dict))))
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ReleaseTupleDesc(tupdesc);
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+}
+
+Datum
+build_zstd_dict_for_attribute(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+#ifndef USE_ZSTD
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+#else
+	text	   *tablename = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
+	AttrNumber	attno = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
+
+	/* Look up table name. */
+	RangeVar   *tablerel = makeRangeVarFromNameList(textToQualifiedNameList(tablename));
+	Oid			tableoid = RangeVarGetRelid(tablerel, NoLock, false);
+
+	bool		ret = build_zstd_dictionary_internal(tableoid, attno);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(ret);
+#endif
+}
 
 /*
  * get_zstd_dict - Fetches the ZSTD dictionary from the catalog
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/analyze.c b/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
index 4fffb76e557..abb92a3a4fe 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 #include "utils/timestamp.h"
-
+#include "parser/analyze.h"
 
 /* Per-index data for ANALYZE */
 typedef struct AnlIndexData
@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@ static void compute_index_stats(Relation onerel, double totalrows,
 								MemoryContext col_context);
 static VacAttrStats *examine_attribute(Relation onerel, int attnum,
 									   Node *index_expr);
-static int	acquire_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
-								HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
-								double *totalrows, double *totaldeadrows);
 static int	compare_rows(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg);
 static int	acquire_inherited_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
 										  HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
@@ -1195,7 +1192,7 @@ block_sampling_read_stream_next(ReadStream *stream,
  * block.  The previous sampling method put too much credence in the row
  * density near the start of the table.
  */
-static int
+int
 acquire_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
 					HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
 					double *totalrows, double *totaldeadrows)
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 45ae7472ab5..8014ee507a7 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ typedef struct
 	bool		updateTypmodout;
 	bool		updateAnalyze;
 	bool		updateSubscript;
+	bool		updateZstdSampling;
 	/* New values for relevant attributes */
 	char		storage;
 	Oid			receiveOid;
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ typedef struct
 	Oid			typmodoutOid;
 	Oid			analyzeOid;
 	Oid			subscriptOid;
+	Oid			zstdSamplingOid;
 } AlterTypeRecurseParams;
 
 /* Potentially set by pg_upgrade_support functions */
@@ -122,6 +124,7 @@ static Oid	findTypeSendFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
 static Oid	findTypeTypmodinFunction(List *procname);
 static Oid	findTypeTypmodoutFunction(List *procname);
 static Oid	findTypeAnalyzeFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
+static Oid	findTypeZstdSamplingFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
 static Oid	findTypeSubscriptingFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
 static Oid	findRangeSubOpclass(List *opcname, Oid subtype);
 static Oid	findRangeCanonicalFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid);
@@ -162,6 +165,7 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 	List	   *typmodoutName = NIL;
 	List	   *analyzeName = NIL;
 	List	   *subscriptName = NIL;
+	List	   *zstdSamplingName = NIL;
 	char		category = TYPCATEGORY_USER;
 	bool		preferred = false;
 	char		delimiter = DEFAULT_TYPDELIM;
@@ -190,6 +194,7 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 	DefElem    *alignmentEl = NULL;
 	DefElem    *storageEl = NULL;
 	DefElem    *collatableEl = NULL;
+	DefElem    *zstdSamplingEl = NULL;
 	Oid			inputOid;
 	Oid			outputOid;
 	Oid			receiveOid = InvalidOid;
@@ -198,6 +203,7 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 	Oid			typmodoutOid = InvalidOid;
 	Oid			analyzeOid = InvalidOid;
 	Oid			subscriptOid = InvalidOid;
+	Oid			zstdSamplingOid = InvalidOid;
 	char	   *array_type;
 	Oid			array_oid;
 	Oid			typoid;
@@ -323,6 +329,8 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 			defelp = &storageEl;
 		else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "collatable") == 0)
 			defelp = &collatableEl;
+		else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "zstd_sampling") == 0)
+			defelp = &zstdSamplingEl;
 		else
 		{
 			/* WARNING, not ERROR, for historical backwards-compatibility */
@@ -455,6 +463,8 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 	}
 	if (collatableEl)
 		collation = defGetBoolean(collatableEl) ? DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID : InvalidOid;
+	if (zstdSamplingEl)
+		zstdSamplingName = defGetQualifiedName(zstdSamplingEl);
 
 	/*
 	 * make sure we have our required definitions
@@ -516,6 +526,15 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 					 errmsg("element type cannot be specified without a subscripting function")));
 	}
 
+	if (zstdSamplingName)
+	{
+		if (internalLength != -1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
+					 errmsg("type zstd_sampling function must be specified only if data type is variable length.")));
+		zstdSamplingOid = findTypeZstdSamplingFunction(zstdSamplingName, typoid);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Check permissions on functions.  We choose to require the creator/owner
 	 * of a type to also own the underlying functions.  Since creating a type
@@ -550,6 +569,9 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 	if (analyzeOid && !object_ownercheck(ProcedureRelationId, analyzeOid, GetUserId()))
 		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, OBJECT_FUNCTION,
 					   NameListToString(analyzeName));
+	if (zstdSamplingOid && !object_ownercheck(ProcedureRelationId, zstdSamplingOid, GetUserId()))
+		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, OBJECT_FUNCTION,
+					   NameListToString(zstdSamplingName));
 	if (subscriptOid && !object_ownercheck(ProcedureRelationId, subscriptOid, GetUserId()))
 		aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, OBJECT_FUNCTION,
 					   NameListToString(subscriptName));
@@ -601,7 +623,8 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 				   -1,			/* typMod (Domains only) */
 				   0,			/* Array Dimensions of typbasetype */
 				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
-				   collation);	/* type's collation */
+				   collation,	/* type's collation */
+				   zstdSamplingOid);	/* zstd_sampling procedure */
 	Assert(typoid == address.objectId);
 
 	/*
@@ -643,7 +666,8 @@ DefineType(ParseState *pstate, List *names, List *parameters)
 			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
 			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
-			   collation);		/* type's collation */
+			   collation,		/* type's collation */
+			   F_ARRAY_TYPZSTDSAMPLING);	/* zstd_sampling procedure */
 
 	pfree(array_type);
 
@@ -706,6 +730,7 @@ DefineDomain(ParseState *pstate, CreateDomainStmt *stmt)
 	Oid			receiveProcedure;
 	Oid			sendProcedure;
 	Oid			analyzeProcedure;
+	Oid			zstdSamplingOid;
 	bool		byValue;
 	char		category;
 	char		delimiter;
@@ -842,6 +867,9 @@ DefineDomain(ParseState *pstate, CreateDomainStmt *stmt)
 	/* Analysis function */
 	analyzeProcedure = baseType->typanalyze;
 
+	/* Generate dictionary function */
+	zstdSamplingOid = baseType->typzstdsampling;
+
 	/*
 	 * Domains don't need a subscript function, since they are not
 	 * subscriptable on their own.  If the base type is subscriptable, the
@@ -1078,7 +1106,8 @@ DefineDomain(ParseState *pstate, CreateDomainStmt *stmt)
 				   basetypeMod, /* typeMod value */
 				   typNDims,	/* Array dimensions for base type */
 				   typNotNull,	/* Type NOT NULL */
-				   domaincoll); /* type's collation */
+				   domaincoll,	/* type's collation */
+				   zstdSamplingOid);	/* zstd_sampling procedure */
 
 	/*
 	 * Create the array type that goes with it.
@@ -1119,7 +1148,8 @@ DefineDomain(ParseState *pstate, CreateDomainStmt *stmt)
 			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
 			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
-			   domaincoll);		/* type's collation */
+			   domaincoll,		/* type's collation */
+			   F_ARRAY_TYPZSTDSAMPLING);	/* zstd_sampling procedure */
 
 	pfree(domainArrayName);
 
@@ -1241,7 +1271,8 @@ DefineEnum(CreateEnumStmt *stmt)
 				   -1,			/* typMod (Domains only) */
 				   0,			/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
-				   InvalidOid); /* type's collation */
+				   InvalidOid,	/* type's collation */
+				   InvalidOid); /* generate dictionary procedure - default */
 
 	/* Enter the enum's values into pg_enum */
 	EnumValuesCreate(enumTypeAddr.objectId, stmt->vals);
@@ -1282,7 +1313,8 @@ DefineEnum(CreateEnumStmt *stmt)
 			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
 			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
-			   InvalidOid);		/* type's collation */
+			   InvalidOid,		/* type's collation */
+			   InvalidOid);		/* generate dictionary procedure - default */
 
 	pfree(enumArrayName);
 
@@ -1583,7 +1615,9 @@ DefineRange(ParseState *pstate, CreateRangeStmt *stmt)
 				   -1,			/* typMod (Domains only) */
 				   0,			/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
-				   InvalidOid); /* type's collation (ranges never have one) */
+				   InvalidOid,	/* type's collation (ranges never have one) */
+				   F_RANGE_TYPZSTDSAMPLING);	/* generate dictionary
+												 * procedure - default */
 	Assert(typoid == InvalidOid || typoid == address.objectId);
 	typoid = address.objectId;
 
@@ -1646,11 +1680,13 @@ DefineRange(ParseState *pstate, CreateRangeStmt *stmt)
 				   NULL,		/* no binary form available either */
 				   false,		/* never passed by value */
 				   alignment,	/* alignment */
-				   'x',			/* TOAST strategy (always extended) */
+				   TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, /* TOAST strategy (always extended) */
 				   -1,			/* typMod (Domains only) */
 				   0,			/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 				   false,		/* Type NOT NULL */
-				   InvalidOid); /* type's collation (ranges never have one) */
+				   InvalidOid,	/* type's collation (ranges never have one) */
+				   F_MULTIRANGE_TYPZSTDSAMPLING);	/* generate dictionary
+													 * procedure - default */
 	Assert(multirangeOid == mltrngaddress.objectId);
 
 	/* Create the entry in pg_range */
@@ -1693,7 +1729,9 @@ DefineRange(ParseState *pstate, CreateRangeStmt *stmt)
 			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
 			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
-			   InvalidOid);		/* typcollation */
+			   InvalidOid,		/* typcollation */
+			   F_ARRAY_TYPZSTDSAMPLING);	/* generate dictionary procedure -
+											 * default */
 
 	pfree(rangeArrayName);
 
@@ -1728,11 +1766,13 @@ DefineRange(ParseState *pstate, CreateRangeStmt *stmt)
 			   NULL,			/* binary default isn't sent either */
 			   false,			/* never passed by value */
 			   alignment,		/* alignment - same as range's */
-			   'x',				/* ARRAY is always toastable */
+			   TYPSTORAGE_EXTENDED, /* ARRAY is always toastable */
 			   -1,				/* typMod (Domains only) */
 			   0,				/* Array dimensions of typbasetype */
 			   false,			/* Type NOT NULL */
-			   InvalidOid);		/* typcollation */
+			   InvalidOid,		/* typcollation */
+			   F_ARRAY_TYPZSTDSAMPLING);	/* generate dictionary procedure -
+											 * default */
 
 	/* And create the constructor functions for this range type */
 	makeRangeConstructors(typeName, typeNamespace, typoid, rangeSubtype);
@@ -2261,6 +2301,31 @@ findTypeAnalyzeFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
 	return procOid;
 }
 
+static Oid
+findTypeZstdSamplingFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
+{
+	Oid			argList[2];
+	Oid			procOid;
+
+	argList[0] = INTERNALOID;
+	argList[1] = INTERNALOID;
+
+	procOid = LookupFuncName(procname, 2, argList, true);
+	if (!OidIsValid(procOid))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+				 errmsg("function %s does not exist",
+						func_signature_string(procname, 2, NIL, argList))));
+
+	if (get_func_rettype(procOid) != BOOLOID)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
+				 errmsg("type build zstd dictionary function %s must return type %s",
+						NameListToString(procname), "internal")));
+
+	return procOid;
+}
+
 static Oid
 findTypeSubscriptingFunction(List *procname, Oid typeOid)
 {
@@ -4444,6 +4509,19 @@ AlterType(AlterTypeStmt *stmt)
 			/* Replacing a subscript function requires superuser. */
 			requireSuper = true;
 		}
+		else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "zstd_sampling") == 0)
+		{
+			if (defel->arg != NULL)
+				atparams.zstdSamplingOid =
+					findTypeZstdSamplingFunction(defGetQualifiedName(defel),
+												 typeOid);
+			else
+				atparams.zstdSamplingOid = InvalidOid;	/* NONE, remove function */
+
+			atparams.updateZstdSampling = true;
+			/* Replacing a canonical function requires superuser. */
+			requireSuper = true;
+		}
 
 		/*
 		 * The rest of the options that CREATE accepts cannot be changed.
@@ -4606,6 +4684,11 @@ AlterTypeRecurse(Oid typeOid, bool isImplicitArray,
 		replaces[Anum_pg_type_typsubscript - 1] = true;
 		values[Anum_pg_type_typsubscript - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(atparams->subscriptOid);
 	}
+	if (atparams->updateZstdSampling)
+	{
+		replaces[Anum_pg_type_typzstdsampling - 1] = true;
+		values[Anum_pg_type_typzstdsampling - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(atparams->zstdSamplingOid);
+	}
 
 	newtup = heap_modify_tuple(tup, RelationGetDescr(catalog),
 							   values, nulls, replaces);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index ae65a1cce06..7cc2d81cf42 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -501,6 +501,7 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
 		typentry->typelem = typtup->typelem;
 		typentry->typarray = typtup->typarray;
 		typentry->typcollation = typtup->typcollation;
+		typentry->typzstdsampling = typtup->typzstdsampling;
 		typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_HAVE_PG_TYPE_DATA;
 
 		/* If it's a domain, immediately thread it into the domain cache list */
@@ -547,6 +548,7 @@ lookup_type_cache(Oid type_id, int flags)
 		typentry->typelem = typtup->typelem;
 		typentry->typarray = typtup->typarray;
 		typentry->typcollation = typtup->typcollation;
+		typentry->typzstdsampling = typtup->typzstdsampling;
 		typentry->flags |= TCFLAGS_HAVE_PG_TYPE_DATA;
 
 		ReleaseSysCache(tp);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 62beb71da28..7d2286850dc 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -12566,4 +12566,39 @@
   proargnames => '{pid,io_id,io_generation,state,operation,off,length,target,handle_data_len,raw_result,result,target_desc,f_sync,f_localmem,f_buffered}',
   prosrc => 'pg_get_aios' },
 
+# ZSTD related functions
+{ oid => '9241', descr => 'array typzstdsampling.',
+  proname => 'array_typzstdsampling', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'internal internal',
+  prosrc => 'array_typzstdsampling' },
+
+{ oid => '9242', descr => 'range typzstdsampling.',
+  proname => 'range_typzstdsampling', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'internal internal',
+  prosrc => 'range_typzstdsampling' },
+
+{ oid => '9243', descr => 'multirange typzstdsampling.',
+  proname => 'multirange_typzstdsampling', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'internal internal',
+  prosrc => 'multirange_typzstdsampling' },
+
+{ oid => '9244', descr => 'composite typzstdsampling.',
+  proname => 'composite_typzstdsampling', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'internal internal',
+  prosrc => 'composite_typzstdsampling' },
+
+{ oid => '9245', descr => 'Build zstd dictionaries for a column.',
+  proname => 'build_zstd_dict_for_attribute', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'text int4', proparallel => 'u',
+  prosrc => 'build_zstd_dict_for_attribute' },
+
+{ oid => '9247', descr => 'ZSTD standard sampling for jsonb',
+  proname => 'std_zstd_sampling_for_jsonb', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'internal internal',
+  prosrc => 'std_zstd_sampling_for_jsonb' },
+
+{ oid => '9248', descr => 'ZSTD standard sampling for text',
+  proname => 'std_zstd_sampling_for_text', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'bool',
+  proargtypes => 'internal internal',
+  prosrc => 'std_zstd_sampling_for_text' },
 ]
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_type.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_type.dat
index 6dca77e0a22..a151ba33f82 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_type.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_type.dat
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
   typname => 'text', typlen => '-1', typbyval => 'f', typcategory => 'S',
   typispreferred => 't', typinput => 'textin', typoutput => 'textout',
   typreceive => 'textrecv', typsend => 'textsend', typalign => 'i',
-  typstorage => 'x', typcollation => 'default' },
+  typstorage => 'x', typcollation => 'default', typzstdsampling => 'std_zstd_sampling_for_text' },
 { oid => '26', array_type_oid => '1028',
   descr => 'object identifier(oid), maximum 4 billion',
   typname => 'oid', typlen => '4', typbyval => 't', typcategory => 'N',
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
   typname => 'jsonb', typlen => '-1', typbyval => 'f', typcategory => 'U',
   typsubscript => 'jsonb_subscript_handler', typinput => 'jsonb_in',
   typoutput => 'jsonb_out', typreceive => 'jsonb_recv', typsend => 'jsonb_send',
-  typalign => 'i', typstorage => 'x' },
+  typalign => 'i', typstorage => 'x', typzstdsampling => 'std_zstd_sampling_for_jsonb' },
 { oid => '4072', array_type_oid => '4073', descr => 'JSON path',
   typname => 'jsonpath', typlen => '-1', typbyval => 'f', typcategory => 'U',
   typinput => 'jsonpath_in', typoutput => 'jsonpath_out',
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_type.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_type.h
index ff666711a54..6f53b79feda 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_type.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_type.h
@@ -227,6 +227,11 @@ CATALOG(pg_type,1247,TypeRelationId) BKI_BOOTSTRAP BKI_ROWTYPE_OID(71,TypeRelati
 	 */
 	Oid			typcollation BKI_DEFAULT(0) BKI_LOOKUP_OPT(pg_collation);
 
+	/*
+	 * Custom zstd sampling procedure for the datatype.
+	 */
+	regproc		typzstdsampling BKI_DEFAULT(0) BKI_ARRAY_DEFAULT(array_typzstdsampling) BKI_LOOKUP_OPT(pg_proc);
+
 #ifdef CATALOG_VARLEN			/* variable-length fields start here */
 
 	/*
@@ -380,7 +385,8 @@ extern ObjectAddress TypeCreate(Oid newTypeOid,
 								int32 typeMod,
 								int32 typNDims,
 								bool typeNotNull,
-								Oid typeCollation);
+								Oid typeCollation,
+								Oid zstdSamplingProcedure);
 
 extern void GenerateTypeDependencies(HeapTuple typeTuple,
 									 Relation typeCatalog,
diff --git a/src/include/parser/analyze.h b/src/include/parser/analyze.h
index f29ed03b476..69391e40d0c 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/analyze.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/analyze.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "nodes/params.h"
 #include "nodes/queryjumble.h"
 #include "parser/parse_node.h"
+#include "access/htup.h"
 
 /* Hook for plugins to get control at end of parse analysis */
 typedef void (*post_parse_analyze_hook_type) (ParseState *pstate,
@@ -65,4 +66,8 @@ extern List *BuildOnConflictExcludedTargetlist(Relation targetrel,
 
 extern SortGroupClause *makeSortGroupClauseForSetOp(Oid rescoltype, bool require_hash);
 
+extern int	acquire_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
+								HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
+								double *totalrows, double *totaldeadrows);
+
 #endif							/* ANALYZE_H */
diff --git a/src/include/utils/typcache.h b/src/include/utils/typcache.h
index 1cb30f1818c..c5bf668e519 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/typcache.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/typcache.h
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ typedef struct TypeCacheEntry
 	Oid			typelem;
 	Oid			typarray;
 	Oid			typcollation;
+	Oid			typzstdsampling;
 
 	/*
 	 * Information obtained from opfamily entries
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out b/src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out
index 215eb899be3..09c750d04fa 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typmodout} => pg_proc {oid}
 NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typanalyze} => pg_proc {oid}
 NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typbasetype} => pg_type {oid}
 NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typcollation} => pg_collation {oid}
+NOTICE:  checking pg_type {typzstdsampling} => pg_proc {oid}
 NOTICE:  checking pg_attribute {attrelid} => pg_class {oid}
 NOTICE:  checking pg_attribute {atttypid} => pg_type {oid}
 NOTICE:  checking pg_attribute {attcollation} => pg_collation {oid}
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 86fb79b2076..06a36903a83 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -2641,6 +2641,8 @@ STARTUPINFO
 STRLEN
 SV
 SYNCHRONIZATION_BARRIER
+SampleCollector
+SampleEntry
 SampleScan
 SampleScanGetSampleSize_function
 SampleScanState
@@ -3370,6 +3372,7 @@ ZSTD_cParameter
 ZSTD_inBuffer
 ZSTD_outBuffer
 ZstdCompressorState
+ZstdTrainingData
 _SPI_connection
 _SPI_plan
 __m128i
-- 
2.47.1