v20250107-0009-Reduce-the-size-of-GinTuple-by-12-bytes.patch

From cba472c7333bbe45f666b1eeecb4b9940bd00a3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jul 2024 20:58:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH v20250107 09/10] Reduce the size of GinTuple by 12 bytes

The size of a Gin tuple can't be larger than what we can allocate, which is just
shy of 1GB; this reduces the number of useful bits in size fields to 30 bits; so
int will be enough here.

Next, a key must fit in a single page (up to 32KB), so uint16 should be enough for
the keylen attribute.

Then, re-organize the fields to minimize alignment losses, while maintaining an
order that does make logical grouping sense.

Finally, use the first posting list to get the first stored ItemPointer; this
deduplicates stored data and thus improves performance again. In passing, adjust the
alignment of the first GinPostingList in GinTuple from MAXALIGN to SHORTALIGN.
---
 src/backend/access/gin/gininsert.c | 21 ++++++++++++---------
 src/include/access/gin_tuple.h     | 19 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/gin/gininsert.c b/src/backend/access/gin/gininsert.c
index d76455f5e74..cb3558ada55 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/gin/gininsert.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/gin/gininsert.c
@@ -1575,7 +1575,8 @@ GinBufferMergeTuple(GinBuffer *buffer, GinTuple *tup)
 	 * when merging non-overlapping lists, e.g. in each parallel worker.
 	 */
 	if ((buffer->nitems > 0) &&
-		(ItemPointerCompare(&buffer->items[buffer->nitems - 1], &tup->first) == 0))
+		(ItemPointerCompare(&buffer->items[buffer->nitems - 1],
+							GinTupleGetFirst(tup)) == 0))
 		buffer->nfrozen = buffer->nitems;
 
 	/*
@@ -1592,7 +1593,8 @@ GinBufferMergeTuple(GinBuffer *buffer, GinTuple *tup)
 	for (int i = buffer->nfrozen; i < buffer->nitems; i++)
 	{
 		/* Is the TID after the first TID of the new tuple? Can't freeze. */
-		if (ItemPointerCompare(&buffer->items[i], &tup->first) > 0)
+		if (ItemPointerCompare(&buffer->items[i],
+							   GinTupleGetFirst(tup)) > 0)
 			break;
 
 		buffer->nfrozen++;
@@ -2201,7 +2203,7 @@ _gin_build_tuple(GinBuildState *state,
 	 * alignment, to allow direct access to compressed segments (those require
 	 * SHORTALIGN, but we do MAXALING anyway).
 	 */
-	tuplen = MAXALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + keylen) + compresslen;
+	tuplen = SHORTALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + keylen) + compresslen;
 
 	/*
 	 * Allocate space for the whole GIN tuple.
@@ -2216,7 +2218,6 @@ _gin_build_tuple(GinBuildState *state,
 	tuple->category = category;
 	tuple->keylen = keylen;
 	tuple->nitems = nitems;
-	tuple->first = items[0];
 
 	/* key type info */
 	tuple->typlen = typlen;
@@ -2247,7 +2248,7 @@ _gin_build_tuple(GinBuildState *state,
 	}
 
 	/* finally, copy the TIDs into the array */
-	ptr = (char *) tuple + MAXALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + keylen);
+	ptr = (char *) tuple + SHORTALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + keylen);
 
 	/* copy in the compressed data, and free the segments */
 	dlist_foreach_modify(iter, &segments)
@@ -2317,8 +2318,8 @@ _gin_parse_tuple_items(GinTuple *a)
 	int			ndecoded;
 	ItemPointer items;
 
-	len = a->tuplen - MAXALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + a->keylen);
-	ptr = (char *) a + MAXALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + a->keylen);
+	len = a->tuplen - SHORTALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + a->keylen);
+	ptr = (char *) a + SHORTALIGN(offsetof(GinTuple, data) + a->keylen);
 
 	items = ginPostingListDecodeAllSegments((GinPostingList *) ptr, len, &ndecoded);
 
@@ -2379,8 +2380,10 @@ _gin_compare_tuples(GinTuple *a, GinTuple *b, SortSupport ssup)
 								&ssup[a->attrnum - 1]);
 
 		/* if the key is the same, consider the first TID in the array */
-		return (r != 0) ? r : ItemPointerCompare(&a->first, &b->first);
+		return (r != 0) ? r : ItemPointerCompare(GinTupleGetFirst(a),
+												 GinTupleGetFirst(b));
 	}
 
-	return ItemPointerCompare(&a->first, &b->first);
+	return ItemPointerCompare(GinTupleGetFirst(a),
+							  GinTupleGetFirst(b));
 }
diff --git a/src/include/access/gin_tuple.h b/src/include/access/gin_tuple.h
index 4ac8cfcc2bf..f4dbdfd3f7f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/gin_tuple.h
+++ b/src/include/access/gin_tuple.h
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
 #ifndef GIN_TUPLE_
 #define GIN_TUPLE_
 
+#include "access/ginblock.h"
 #include "storage/itemptr.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
 
 /*
+ * XXX: Update description with new architecture
  * Each worker sees tuples in CTID order, so if we track the first TID and
  * compare that when combining results in the worker, we would not need to
  * do an expensive sort in workers (the mergesort is already smart about
@@ -24,17 +26,26 @@
  */
 typedef struct GinTuple
 {
-	Size		tuplen;			/* length of the whole tuple */
-	Size		keylen;			/* bytes in data for key value */
+	int			tuplen;			/* length of the whole tuple */
+	OffsetNumber attrnum;		/* attnum of index key */
+	uint16		keylen;			/* bytes in data for key value */
 	int16		typlen;			/* typlen for key */
 	bool		typbyval;		/* typbyval for key */
-	OffsetNumber attrnum;		/* attnum of index key */
 	signed char category;		/* category: normal or NULL? */
-	ItemPointerData first;		/* first TID in the array */
 	int			nitems;			/* number of TIDs in the data */
 	char		data[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
 } GinTuple;
 
+static inline ItemPointer
+GinTupleGetFirst(GinTuple *tup)
+{
+	GinPostingList *list;
+
+	list = (GinPostingList *) SHORTALIGN(tup->data + tup->keylen);
+
+	return &list->first;
+}
+
 typedef struct GinBuffer GinBuffer;
 
 extern int	_gin_compare_tuples(GinTuple *a, GinTuple *b, SortSupport ssup);
-- 
2.47.1