From 836cb845682460d8967dfbf2826f4c237d6be4e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nkey <michail.nikolaev@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2024 16:24:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH v5 2/5] Add stress tests for concurrent index operations

Add comprehensive stress tests for concurrent index operations, focusing on:
* Testing CREATE/REINDEX/DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY under heavy write load
* Verifying index integrity during concurrent HOT updates
* Testing various index types including unique and partial indexes
* Validating index correctness using amcheck bt_index_parent_check
* Exercising parallel worker configurations

The tests perform intensive concurrent modifications via pgbench while
executing index operations to stress test index build infrastructure.
Test cases cover:
- Regular and unique indexes
- Indexes with stable and immutable predicates
- Multi-column indexes with various combinations
- Different parallel worker configurations

Two new test files added:
- t/006_concurrently.pl: General concurrent index operation tests
- t/007_concurrently_unique.pl: Focused testing of unique indexes

These stress tests help ensure reliability of concurrent index operations
under heavy load conditions.
---
 src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build                |   2 +
 src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/006_concurrently.pl      | 315 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../pg_amcheck/t/007_concurrently_unique.pl   | 239 +++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 556 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/006_concurrently.pl
 create mode 100644 src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/007_concurrently_unique.pl

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build
index 292b33eb094..b4e14a15ef3 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build
+++ b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ tests += {
       't/003_check.pl',
       't/004_verify_heapam.pl',
       't/005_opclass_damage.pl',
+      't/006_concurrently.pl',
+      't/007_concurrently_unique.pl',
     ],
   },
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/006_concurrently.pl b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/006_concurrently.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e13a340e777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/006_concurrently.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+
+# Copyright (c) 2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+# Test REINDEX CONCURRENTLY with concurrent modifications and HOT updates
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Config;
+use Errno;
+
+
+
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
+use Time::HiRes qw(usleep);
+
+use threads;
+use Test::More;
+use Test::Builder;
+
+
+eval {
+	require IPC::SysV;
+	IPC::SysV->import(qw(IPC_CREAT IPC_EXCL S_IRUSR S_IWUSR));
+};
+
+if ($@ || $windows_os)
+{
+	plan skip_all => 'Fork and shared memory are not supported by this platform';
+}
+
+# TODO: refactor to https://metacpan.org/pod/IPC%3A%3AShareable
+my ($pid, $shmem_id, $shmem_key,  $shmem_size);
+eval 'sub IPC_CREAT {0001000}' unless defined &IPC_CREAT;
+$shmem_size = 4;
+$shmem_key = rand(1000000);
+$shmem_id = shmget($shmem_key, $shmem_size, &IPC_CREAT | 0777) or die "Can't shmget: $!";
+shmwrite($shmem_id, "wait", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+
+my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
+#
+# Test set-up
+#
+my ($node, $result);
+$node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('RC_test');
+$node->init;
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+	'lock_timeout = ' . (1000 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default));
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'fsync = off');
+$node->start;
+$node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE EXTENSION amcheck));
+$node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE TABLE tbl(i int primary key,
+								c1 money default 0, c2 money default 0,
+								c3 money default 0, updated_at timestamp)));
+$node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE INDEX idx ON tbl(i)));
+
+my $builder = Test::More->builder;
+$builder->use_numbers(0);
+$builder->no_plan();
+
+my $child  = $builder->child("pg_bench");
+
+if(!defined($pid = fork())) {
+	# fork returned undef, so unsuccessful
+	die "Cannot fork a child: $!";
+} elsif ($pid == 0) {
+
+	$node->pgbench(
+		'--no-vacuum --client=10 --transactions=1000',
+		0,
+		[qr{actually processed}],
+		[qr{^$}],
+		'concurrent INSERTs, UPDATES and RC',
+		{
+			'001_pgbench_concurrent_transaction_inserts' => q(
+				BEGIN;
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*10000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*10000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*10000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*10000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*10000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				COMMIT;
+			  ),
+			'002_pgbench_concurrent_transaction_inserts' => q(
+				BEGIN;
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*100000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*100000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*100000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*100000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*100000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				COMMIT;
+			  ),
+			# Ensure some HOT updates happen
+			'003_pgbench_concurrent_transaction_updates' => q(
+				BEGIN;
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*1000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*1000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*1000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*1000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*1000,0,0,0,now())
+					on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = now();
+				COMMIT;
+			  )
+		});
+
+	if ($child->is_passing()) {
+		shmwrite($shmem_id, "done", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+	} else {
+		shmwrite($shmem_id, "fail", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+	}
+
+	my $pg_bench_fork_flag;
+	while (1) {
+		shmread($shmem_id, $pg_bench_fork_flag, 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmread: $!";
+		sleep(0.1);
+		last if $pg_bench_fork_flag eq "stop";
+	}
+} else {
+	my $pg_bench_fork_flag;
+	shmread($shmem_id, $pg_bench_fork_flag, 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmread: $!";
+
+	subtest 'reindex run subtest' => sub {
+		is($pg_bench_fork_flag, "wait", "pg_bench_fork_flag is correct");
+
+		my %psql = (stdin => '', stdout => '', stderr => '');
+		$psql{run} = IPC::Run::start(
+			[ 'psql', '-XA', '-f', '-', '-d', $node->connstr('postgres') ],
+			'<',
+			\$psql{stdin},
+			'>',
+			\$psql{stdout},
+			'2>',
+			\$psql{stderr},
+			$psql_timeout);
+
+		my ($result, $stdout, $stderr, $n, $stderr_saved);
+		$n = 0;
+
+		$node->psql('postgres', q(CREATE FUNCTION predicate_stable() RETURNS bool IMMUTABLE
+                                  LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+                                  BEGIN
+                                    EXECUTE 'SELECT txid_current()';
+                                    RETURN true;
+                                  END; $$;));
+
+		$node->psql('postgres', q(CREATE FUNCTION predicate_const(integer) RETURNS bool IMMUTABLE
+                                  LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
+                                  BEGIN
+                                    RETURN MOD($1, 2) = 0;
+                                  END; $$;));
+		while (1)
+		{
+
+			if (int(rand(2)) == 0) {
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(ALTER TABLE tbl SET (parallel_workers=0);));
+			} else {
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(ALTER TABLE tbl SET (parallel_workers=4);));
+			}
+			is($result, '0', 'ALTER TABLE is correct');
+
+			if (1)
+			{
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx;));
+				is($result, '0', 'REINDEX is correct');
+
+				if ($result) {
+					diag($stderr);
+					BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+				}
+
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(SELECT bt_index_check('idx', heapallindexed => true, checkunique => true);));
+				is($result, '0', 'bt_index_check is correct');
+				if ($result)
+				{
+					diag($stderr);
+					BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+				} else {
+					diag('#reindex:)' . $n++);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (1)
+			{
+				my $variant = int(rand(7));
+				my $sql;
+				if ($variant == 0) {
+					$sql = q(CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(i, updated_at););
+				} elsif ($variant == 1) {
+					$sql = q(CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(i, updated_at) WHERE predicate_stable(););
+				} elsif ($variant == 2) {
+					$sql = q(CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(i, updated_at) WHERE MOD(i, 2) = 0;);
+				} elsif ($variant == 3) {
+					$sql = q(CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(i, updated_at) WHERE predicate_const(i););
+				} elsif ($variant == 4) {
+					$sql = q(CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(predicate_const(i)););
+				} elsif ($variant == 5) {
+					$sql = q(CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(i, predicate_const(i), updated_at) WHERE predicate_const(i););
+				} elsif ($variant == 6) {
+					$sql = q(CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(i););
+				} else { diag("#wrong variant"); }
+
+				diag('#' . $sql);
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', $sql);
+				is($result, '0', 'CREATE INDEX is correct');
+				$stderr_saved = $stderr;
+
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(SELECT bt_index_check('idx_2', heapallindexed => true, checkunique => true);));
+				is($result, '0', 'bt_index_check for new index is correct');
+				if ($result)
+				{
+					diag($stderr);
+					diag($stderr_saved);
+					BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+				} else {
+					diag('#create:)' . $n++);
+				}
+
+				if (1)
+				{
+					($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2;));
+					is($result, '0', 'REINDEX 2 is correct');
+					if ($result) {
+						diag($stderr);
+						BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+					}
+
+					($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(SELECT bt_index_check('idx_2', heapallindexed => true, checkunique => true);));
+					is($result, '0', 'bt_index_check 2 is correct');
+					if ($result)
+					{
+						diag($stderr);
+						BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+					} else {
+						diag('#reindex2:)' . $n++);
+					}
+				}
+
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2;));
+				is($result, '0', 'DROP INDEX is correct');
+			}
+			shmread($shmem_id, $pg_bench_fork_flag, 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmread: $!";
+			last if $pg_bench_fork_flag ne "wait";
+		}
+
+		# explicitly shut down psql instances gracefully
+        $psql{stdin} .= "\\q\n";
+        $psql{run}->finish;
+
+		is($pg_bench_fork_flag, "done", "pg_bench_fork_flag is correct");
+	};
+
+	$child->finalize();
+	$child->summary();
+
+	shmwrite($shmem_id, "stop", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+	waitpid($pid,0);
+	done_testing();
+}
+
+# Send query, wait until string matches
+sub send_query_and_wait
+{
+	my ($psql, $query, $untl) = @_;
+	my $ret;
+
+	# For each query we run, we'll restart the timeout.  Otherwise the timeout
+	# would apply to the whole test script, and would need to be set very high
+	# to survive when running under Valgrind.
+	$psql_timeout->reset();
+	$psql_timeout->start();
+
+	# send query
+	$$psql{stdin} .= $query;
+	$$psql{stdin} .= "\n";
+
+	# wait for query results
+	$$psql{run}->pump_nb();
+	while (1)
+	{
+		last if $$psql{stdout} =~ /$untl/;
+		if ($psql_timeout->is_expired)
+		{
+			diag("aborting wait: program timed out\n"
+				  . "stream contents: >>$$psql{stdout}<<\n"
+				  . "pattern searched for: $untl\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (not $$psql{run}->pumpable())
+		{
+			diag("aborting wait: program died\n"
+				  . "stream contents: >>$$psql{stdout}<<\n"
+				  . "pattern searched for: $untl\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$$psql{run}->pump();
+	}
+
+	$$psql{stdout} = '';
+
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/007_concurrently_unique.pl b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/007_concurrently_unique.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67e2be3e33f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/t/007_concurrently_unique.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+
+# Copyright (c) 2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+# Test REINDEX CONCURRENTLY with concurrent modifications and HOT updates
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Config;
+use Errno;
+
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
+use Time::HiRes qw(usleep);
+use threads;
+use Test::More;
+use Test::Builder;
+
+eval {
+	require IPC::SysV;
+	IPC::SysV->import(qw(IPC_CREAT IPC_EXCL S_IRUSR S_IWUSR));
+};
+
+if ($@ || $windows_os)
+{
+	plan skip_all => 'Fork and shared memory are not supported by this platform';
+}
+
+# TODO: refactor to https://metacpan.org/pod/IPC%3A%3AShareable
+my ($pid, $shmem_id, $shmem_key,  $shmem_size);
+eval 'sub IPC_CREAT {0001000}' unless defined &IPC_CREAT;
+$shmem_size = 4;
+$shmem_key = rand(1000000);
+$shmem_id = shmget($shmem_key, $shmem_size, &IPC_CREAT | 0777) or die "Can't shmget: $!";
+shmwrite($shmem_id, "wait", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+
+my $psql_timeout = IPC::Run::timer($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
+#
+# Test set-up
+#
+my ($node, $result);
+$node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('RC_test_unique');
+$node->init;
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+	'lock_timeout = ' . (1000 * $PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default));
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'fsync = off');
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'autovacuum = off');
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'maintenance_work_mem = 128MB');
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'shared_buffers = 256MB');
+$node->start;
+$node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE EXTENSION amcheck));
+$node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE tbl(i int primary key,
+								c1 money default 0, c2 money default 0,
+								c3 money default 0, updated_at timestamp)));
+$node->safe_psql('postgres', q(CREATE INDEX idx ON tbl(i, updated_at)));
+
+my $builder = Test::More->builder;
+$builder->use_numbers(0);
+$builder->no_plan();
+
+my $child  = $builder->child("pg_bench");
+
+if(!defined($pid = fork())) {
+	# fork returned undef, so unsuccessful
+	die "Cannot fork a child: $!";
+} elsif ($pid == 0) {
+
+	# $node->psql('postgres', q(INSERT INTO tbl SELECT i,0,0,0,now() FROM generate_series(1, 1000) s(i);));
+	# while [ $? -eq 0 ]; do make -C src/bin/pg_amcheck/ check PROVE_TESTS='t/007_*' ; done
+
+	$node->pgbench(
+		'--no-vacuum --client=40 --exit-on-abort --transactions=1000',
+		0,
+		[qr{actually processed}],
+		[qr{^$}],
+		'concurrent INSERTs, UPDATES and RC',
+		{
+			# Ensure some HOT updates happen
+			'001_pgbench_concurrent_transaction_updates' => q(
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*1000,0,0,0,now()) on conflict(i) do update set updated_at = date_trunc('seconds', now());
+			),
+			'002_pgbench_concurrent_transaction_updates' => q(
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*100,0,0,0,now()) on conflict(i)  do update set updated_at = date_trunc('seconds', now());
+			),
+			'003_pgbench_concurrent_transaction_updates' => q(
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*10000,0,0,0,now()) on conflict(i)  do update set updated_at = date_trunc('seconds', now());
+			),
+			'004_pgbench_concurrent_transaction_updates' => q(
+				INSERT INTO tbl VALUES(random()*100000,0,0,0,now()) on conflict(i)  do update set updated_at = date_trunc('seconds', now());
+			),
+		});
+
+	if ($child->is_passing()) {
+		shmwrite($shmem_id, "done", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+	} else {
+		shmwrite($shmem_id, "fail", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+	}
+
+	my $pg_bench_fork_flag;
+	while (1) {
+		shmread($shmem_id, $pg_bench_fork_flag, 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmread: $!";
+		sleep(0.1);
+		last if $pg_bench_fork_flag eq "stop";
+	}
+} else {
+	my $pg_bench_fork_flag;
+	shmread($shmem_id, $pg_bench_fork_flag, 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmread: $!";
+
+	subtest 'reindex run subtest' => sub {
+		is($pg_bench_fork_flag, "wait", "pg_bench_fork_flag is correct");
+
+		my %psql = (stdin => '', stdout => '', stderr => '');
+		$psql{run} = IPC::Run::start(
+			[ 'psql', '-XA', '-f', '-', '-d', $node->connstr('postgres') ],
+			'<',
+			\$psql{stdin},
+			'>',
+			\$psql{stdout},
+			'2>',
+			\$psql{stderr},
+			$psql_timeout);
+
+		my ($result, $stdout, $stderr, $n, $stderr_saved);
+
+#		ok(send_query_and_wait(\%psql, q[SELECT pg_sleep(10);], qr/^.*$/m), 'SELECT');
+
+		while (1)
+		{
+
+			if (int(rand(2)) == 0) {
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(ALTER TABLE tbl SET (parallel_workers=4);));
+			} else {
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(ALTER TABLE tbl SET (parallel_workers=0);));
+			}
+			is($result, '0', 'ALTER TABLE is correct');
+
+
+			if (1)
+			{
+				my $sql = q(select pg_sleep(0); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2 ON tbl(i););
+
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', $sql);
+				is($result, '0', 'CREATE INDEX is correct');
+				$stderr_saved = $stderr;
+
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(SELECT bt_index_check('idx_2', heapallindexed => true, checkunique => true);));
+				is($result, '0', 'bt_index_check for new index is correct');
+				if ($result)
+				{
+					diag($stderr);
+					diag($stderr_saved);
+					BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+				} else {
+					diag('#create:)' . $n++);
+				}
+
+				if (1)
+				{
+					($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(REINDEX INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2;));
+					is($result, '0', 'REINDEX 2 is correct');
+					if ($result) {
+						diag($stderr);
+						BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+					}
+
+					($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(SELECT bt_index_check('idx_2', heapallindexed => true, checkunique => true);));
+					is($result, '0', 'bt_index_check 2 is correct');
+					if ($result)
+					{
+						diag($stderr);
+						BAIL_OUT($stderr);
+					} else {
+						diag('#reindex2:)' . $n++);
+					}
+				}
+
+				($result, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', q(DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_2;));
+				is($result, '0', 'DROP INDEX is correct');
+			}
+			shmread($shmem_id, $pg_bench_fork_flag, 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmread: $!";
+			last if $pg_bench_fork_flag ne "wait";
+		}
+
+		# explicitly shut down psql instances gracefully
+        $psql{stdin} .= "\\q\n";
+        $psql{run}->finish;
+
+		is($pg_bench_fork_flag, "done", "pg_bench_fork_flag is correct");
+	};
+
+	$child->finalize();
+	$child->summary();
+
+	shmwrite($shmem_id, "stop", 0, $shmem_size) or die "Can't shmwrite: $!";
+    waitpid($pid,0);
+    done_testing();
+}
+
+# Send query, wait until string matches
+sub send_query_and_wait
+{
+	my ($psql, $query, $untl) = @_;
+	my $ret;
+
+	# For each query we run, we'll restart the timeout.  Otherwise the timeout
+	# would apply to the whole test script, and would need to be set very high
+	# to survive when running under Valgrind.
+	$psql_timeout->reset();
+	$psql_timeout->start();
+
+	# send query
+	$$psql{stdin} .= $query;
+	$$psql{stdin} .= "\n";
+
+	# wait for query results
+	$$psql{run}->pump_nb();
+	while (1)
+	{
+		last if $$psql{stdout} =~ /$untl/;
+		if ($psql_timeout->is_expired)
+		{
+			diag("aborting wait: program timed out\n"
+				  . "stream contents: >>$$psql{stdout}<<\n"
+				  . "pattern searched for: $untl\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (not $$psql{run}->pumpable())
+		{
+			diag("aborting wait: program died\n"
+				  . "stream contents: >>$$psql{stdout}<<\n"
+				  . "pattern searched for: $untl\n");
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$$psql{run}->pump();
+	}
+
+	$$psql{stdout} = '';
+
+	return 1;
+}
-- 
2.43.0

